Table 1.
Cohort I - discovery phase.
| Phase demographic, polysonographic and analytical characterization | |||
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Demographic and PSG parameters | Screened subjects | ||
|
|
|||
| Age (years) | snorer(n = 12) 46.8 (10.0) | OSA (n = 12) 45.8 (7.2) | p value NS |
| Habits | |||
| Current smoking (n) | 6 | 4 | NS |
| Current drinking (n) | 7 | 6 | NS |
| EPW Score | 9.1 (4.3) | 11.7 (6.5) | NS |
| Observational features | |||
| Morning arterial pressure (mmHg) | 141.3 (23.1)/88.8 (14.6) | 129.8 (13.1)/78.9 (8.3) | NS |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.9 (2.7) | 30.8 (1.9) | 0.0002 |
| Abdominal perimeter (cm) | 97.5 (6.9) | 107.4 (8.6) | 0.005 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Hypertension (n) | 6 | 4 | NS |
| Respiratory diseases (n) | 3 | 1 | NS |
| Dyslipidemia (n) | 8 | 10 | NS |
| Polysomnographic parameteres | |||
| RDI (events/h) | 2.7 (1.5) | 41.9 (20.5) | 5.96E-07 |
| Arousal Index (events/h) | 12.6 (4.8) | 34.6 (18.4) | 0.0003 |
| Minimum arterial saturation (%) | 87.4 (4.1) | 80.5 (7.6) | 0.006 |
| T90 (%) | 0.1 (0.2) | 19.4 (24.6) | 0.006 |
| ODI (events/h) | 3.0 (4.4) | 41.2 (27.0) | 3.79E-05 |
| Sleep efficiency (%) | 76.7 (14.1) | 82.1 (6.8) | NS |
| Analytical parameteres | |||
| Glycemic profile | |||
| Glucose (70–110 mg/dl) | 95.2 (8.5) | 96.7 (12.0) | NS |
| Hb A1C (4–6%) | 5.7 (0.4) | 5.8 (0.4) | NS |
| Insulin (3–25 mU/l) | 11.0 (6.2) | 20.6 (12.5) | 0.013 |
| HOMA-IR (≥3.8) | 2.6 (1.6) | 5.0 (3.0) | 0.012 |
| Lipid profile | |||
| Cholesterol (<190 mg/dl) | 206.2 (44.3) | 193.0 (30.8) | NS |
| Triglycerides (<150 mg/dl) | 127.3 (69.7) | 217.1 (127.7) | 0.022 |
| Cardiovascular marker | |||
| Homocysteine (3.7–13.9 μmol/l) | 15.6 (4.3) | 15.1 (2.9) | NS |
| Urinary catecholamines | |||
| Adrenalin (1.7–22.4 μg/24 h) | 15.0 (15.5) | 10.8 (9.3) | NS |
| Nor-adrenalin (12.1–85.5 μg/24 h) | 73.5 (34.0) | 75.0 (37.4) | NS |
| Dopamine (0–498 μg/24 h) | 389.4 (218.4) | 367.3 (169.5) | NS |
| Complete hemogram | |||
| RBC (4.5–5.9 × 1012/l) | 5.0 (0.4) | 5.1 (0.5) | NS |
| Hemoglobin (13–17.5 g/dl) | 15.4 (0.8) | 15.2 (1.6) | NS |
| Hematocrit (40–50%) | 45.9 (2.1) | 45.1 (4.1) | NS |
| MCV (80–97 fl) | 91.9 (6.4) | 88.9 (4.1) | NS |
| MCH (27–33 pg) | 30.9 (1.8) | 30.0 (1.6) | NS |
| MCHC (31.5–35.5 g/dl) | 33.6 (1.0) | 33.7 (1.1) | NS |
| RDW (11.5–14.5) | 13.4 (0.7) | 13.5 (0.9) | NS |
| Leukocytes (4.0–11 × 109/l) | 6.7 (1.2) | 7.8 (2.3) | NS |
| Platelets (150–450 × 103 μl) | 237.8 (40.1) | 261.7 (77.2) | NS |
NS: non-statistical meaning.
EPW: Epworth Sleepiness Scale; BMI: body mass index; RDI: respiratory disturbance index; T90%: time spent with saturation < 90%; ODI: oxygen desaturation index; HbA1C: hemoglobi n glycated; HOMA-IR: model assessment of insulin resistance; RBC: red blood cells; MCV: mean corpuscular volume; MCH: mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC: mean corpuscular hemoglobin; RDW: red cell distribution width.