Table 2.
Cohort II - validation phase.
| Demographic, polysonographic and analytical characterization | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Demographic and PSG parameters | Screened subjects | ||||
|
|
|||||
| Snorer (n = 10) | OSA (n = 10) | PAP (n = 10) | p value Snorer vs OSA | p value OSA vs PAP | |
| Age (years) | 43.6 (11.9) | 43.0 (7.1) | – | NS | NS |
| Habits | |||||
| Current smoking (n) | 4 | 2 | – | NS | n/a |
| Current drinking (n) | 5 | 6 | – | NS | n/a |
| EPW score | 11.7 (4.8) | 11.5 (4.5) | 6.6 (4.7) | NS | 0.0003 |
| Observational features | |||||
| Morning arterial pressure (mmHg) | 138.6 (21.7)/85.1 (13.5) | 124.2 (18.3)/77.8 (12.3) | – | NS | n/a |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.5 (3.9) | 29.6 (2.3) | – | NS | n/a |
| Abdominal perimeter (cm) | 98.0 (9.3) | 105.0 (8.8) | – | NS | n/a |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Hypertension (n) | 5 | 5 | – | NS | n/a |
| Respiratory diseases (n) | 0 | 0 | – | NS | n/a |
| Dyslipidemia (n) | 7 | 7 | – | NS | n/a |
| Polysomnographic parameteres | |||||
| RDI (events/h) | 3.3 (1.2) | 34.8 (26.5) | – | 0.001 | n/a |
| Arousal index (events/h) | 12.8 (4.8) | 34.7 (19.8) | – | 0.002 | n/a |
| Minimum arterial saturation (%) | 87.4 (3.4) | 81.0 (7.4) | – | 0.012 | n/a |
| T90 (%) | 0.1 (0.1) | 12.6 (19.5) | – | 0.028 | n/a |
| ODI (events/h) | 5.2 (5.9) | 28.8 (27.4) | – | 0.008 | n/a |
| Sleep efficiency (%) | 79.8 (14.3) | 80.4 (12.7) | – | NS | n/a |
| PAP record | |||||
| Number of days without use | – | – | 54.4 (63.7) | – | n/a |
| Total of recording days | – | – | 200.0 (21.5) | – | n/a |
| Use per night (min) | – | – | 269.7 (123.4) | – | n/a |
| Residual AHI (events/h) | – | – | 1.6 (1.1) | – | n/a |
| Analytical parameteres | |||||
| Glycemic profile | |||||
| Glucose (70–110 mg/dl) | 96.1 (8.1) | 95.1 (11.9) | 95.3 (11.2) | NS | NS |
| Hb A1C (4–6%) | 5.6 (0.4) | 5.7 (0.4) | 5.7 (0.3) | NS | NS |
| Insulin (3–25 mU/l) | 11.5 (6.9) | 20.7 (13.5) | 28.9 (40.9) | 0.036 | NS |
| HOMA-IR (≥3.8) | 2.8 (1.8) | 5.0 (3.2) | 7.2 (10.8) | 0.036 | NS |
| Lipid profile | |||||
| Cholesterol (<190 mg/dl) | 200.9 (39.8) | 181.1 (23.6) | 178.9 (28.1) | NS | NS |
| Triglycerides (<150 mg/dl) | 128.5 (70.7) | 169.6 (90.7) | 153.4 (69.9) | NS | NS |
| Cardiovascular marker | |||||
| Homocysteine (3.7–13.9 μmol/l) | 14.7 (4.3) | 14.1 (2.8) | 15.4 (2.0) | NS | NS |
| Urinary catecholamines | |||||
| Adrenalin (1.7–22.4 μg/24 h) | 17.3 (15.3) | 9.9 (9.1) | 20.0 (7.7) | NS | 0.010 |
| Nor-adrenalin (12.1–85.5 μg/24 h) | 56.9 (15.9) | 64.1 (36.9) | 54.3 (25.6) | NS | NS |
| Dopamine (0–498 μg/24 h) | 301.7 (117.7) | 244.8 (105.5) | 258.8 (123.3) | NS | NS |
| Complete hemogram | |||||
| RBC (4.5–5.9 × 1012/l) | 5.0 (0.5) | 5.1 (0.4) | 4.9 (0.3) | NS | 0.018 |
| Hemoglobin (13–17.5 g/dl) | 15.4 (0.9) | 15.5 (1.2) | 15.1 (1.0) | NS | 0.041 |
| Hematocrit (40–50%) | 45.7 (2.4) | 45.7 (3.3) | 44.1 (3.1) | NS | 0.008 |
| MCV (80–97 fl) | 91.5 (5.3) | 89.5 (3.3) | 89.7 (3.4) | NS | NS |
| MCH (27–33 pg) | 30.7 (1.2) | 30.2 (1.3) | 30.7 (1.2) | NS | NS |
| MCHC (31.5–35.5 g/dl) | 33.6 (1.1) | 33.8 (0.9) | 34.3 (0.8) | NS | 0.051 |
| RDW (11.5–14.5) | 13.3 (0.5) | 13.2 (0.9) | 13.8 (0.6) | NS | 0.030 |
| Leukocytes (4.0–11 × 109/l) | 7.1 (1.0) | 7.6 (1.8) | 7.2 (1.8) | NS | NS |
| Platelets (150–450 × 103 μl) | 241.5 (31.1) | 238.5 (46.2) | 203.4 (47.8) | NS | 0.012 |
NS: non-statistical meaning; n/a: not-applicable.
EPW: epworth sleepiness scale; BMI: body mass index; RDI: respiratory disturbance index; T90%: time spent with saturation < 90%; ODI: oxygen desaturation index; AHI: apnea-hypopnea index; HbA1C: hemoglobin glycated; HOMA- IR: model assessment of insulin resistance; RBC: red blood cells; MCV: mean corpuscular volume; MCH: mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC: mean corpuscular hemoglobin; RDW: red cell distribution width.