. 2017 Mar 13;54(6):1377–1383. doi: 10.1007/s13197-017-2549-0

Table 3.

Fatty acid (%) profile of common Kilka oil obtained by different extraction techniques

Fatty acids	Wet-reduction extraction	Ammonia extraction	Enzymatic extraction	Supercritical fluid extraction
C14:0 (myristic acid)	6.94 ± 0.13^a	6.62 ± 0.12^b	6.98 ± 0.17^a	6.03 ± 0.09^c
C16:0 (palmitic acid)	22.13 ± 0.19^a	22.10 ± 0.14^a	22.09 ± 0.35^a	19.05 ± 0.14^b
C16:1n-7 (palmitoleic acid)	10.89 ± 0.08^a	10.88 ± 0.05^a	10.91 ± 0.11^a	10.93 ± 0.19^a
C17:0 (margaric acid)	1.25 ± 0.10^a	1.22 ± 0.08^a	1.24 ± 0.05^a	1.28 ± 0.12^a
C17:1n-7 (heptadecanoic acid)	0.95 ± 0.02^a	0.97 ± 0.01^a	0.95 ± 0.06^a	0.98 ± 0.02^a
C18:0 (stearic acid)	5.05 ± 0.13^a	5.07 ± 0.06^a	5.08 ± 0.11^a	5.10 ± 0.02^a
C18:1n-9 (oleic acid)	29.09 ± 0.21^b	29.11 ± 0.29^b	29.06 ± 0.12^b	30.76 ± 0.52^a
C18:1n-7 (vacenic acid)	1.51 ± 0.01^b	1.49 ± 0.10^b	1.53 ± 0.14^b	1.98 ± 0.08^a
C18:2n-6 (linoleic acid)	2.11 ± 0.02^b	2.12 ± 0.09^b	2.14 ± 0.03^b	2.38 ± 0.12^a
C18:3n-3 (linolenic acid)	1.13 ± 0.09^a	1.11 ± 0.02^a	1.15 ± 0.11^a	1.16 ± 0.06^a
C20:0 arashidic acid	1.39 ± 0.07^a	1.36 ± 0.09^a	1.38 ± 0.03^a	1.40 ± 0.02^a
C20:1n-9 (gadoleic acid)	1.85 ± 0.01^b	1.82 ± 0.03^b	1.86 ± 0.12^b	2.14 ± 0.05^a
C20:2n-6 (eicosadienoic acid)	0.15 ± 0.05^b	0.13 ± 0.01^b	0.14 ± 0.04^b	0.15 ± 0.02^a
C20:3n-3 (eicosatrienoic acid)	0.38 ± 0.04^a	0.27 ± 0.02^b	0.28 ± 0.01^b	0.17 ± 0.01^c
C20:4n-6 (arachidonic acid)	0.28 ± 0.02^b	0.30 ± 0.04^b	0.31 ± 0.02^b	0.49 ± 0.03^a
C20:5n-3 (EPA)	5.44 ± 0.08^b	5.41 ± 0.01^b	5.43 ± 0.05^b	6.21 ± 0.12^a
C22:0 (behenic acid)	0.22 ± 0.04^a	0.22 ± 0.05^a	0.23 ± 0.01^a	0.24 ± 0.01^a
C22:1n-9 (erucic acid)	0.16 ± 0.01^a	0.18 ± 0.03^a	0.18 ± 0.01^a	0.17 ± 0.02^a
C22:4n-6 (docosatetraenoic acid)	0.20 ± 0.06^a	0.20 ± 0.01^a	0.21 ± 0.03^a	0.19 ± 0.05^a
C22:5n-3 (docosapentaenoic acid)	0.59 ± 0.03^b	0.61 ± 0.02^b	0.60 ± 0.07^b	0.92 ± 0.01^a
C22:6n-3 (DHA)	8.54 ± 0.04^c	8.91 ± 0.09^b	8.87 ± 0.11^b	10.93 ± 0.06^a
Average of total saturated fatty acids (SFA)	6.16 ± 0.12^a	6.10 ± 0.09^a	6.16 ± 0.16^a	5.51 ± 0.08^b
Average of total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs)	7.40 ± 0.09^b	7.40 ± 0.12^b	7.41 ± 0.10^b	7.82 ± 0.22^a
Average of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)	2.09 ± 0.05^b	2.11 ± 0.04^b	2.12 ± 0.06^b	2.51 ± 0.06^a
Total unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) average	~9.49	~9.51	~9.53	~10.33

Mean ± SD (standard deviation) within a row with different superscript letters are significantly different (p < 0.05)