Table 1.

Ca²⁺ signalling molecules in ameloblasts. Arrows indicate whether expression was high or low at each stage

	Ameloblasts
Name of molecules	Secretory	Maturation	Methods	Mutation shows dental phenotype	Reference
Cytoplasmic Ca2+ binding molecules
(i) Ca2+ buffers
Parvalbumin	Same	Same	Protein expression	?	(Davideau et al. 1993)
Calbindin‐D9k	↓	↑	mRNA, protein expression	No	(Hubbard et al. 2011), (Berdal et al. 1993), (Berdal et al. 1996), (Kutuzova et al. 2006)
Calbindin‐D28k	↑	↓	Protein expression	No	(Hubbard, 1995), (Berdal et al. 1993), (Berdal et al. 1996), (Turnbull et al. 2004)
Calretinin	Expressed during differentiation stage!		Protein expression	No	(Hubbard et al. 2011), (Schurmans et al. 1997)
(ii) Ca2+ sensors
Calmodulin	Same	Same	Protein expression	?	(Hubbard, 1995)
Calcineurin	Same	Same	—	?	(Hubbard, 1995)
ER Ca2+ binding proteins
Calreticulin	↓	↑	Protein expression	?	(Hubbard, 1996)
Endoplasmin	↓	↑	Protein expression	?	(Hubbard, 1996)
ERp72	↑	↓	Protein expression	?	(Hubbard et al. 2000)
Calnexin	Same	Same	Immunofluorescence	?	(Nurbaeva et al. 2015a)
ER Ca2+ signalosomes
STIM1	↓	↑	mRNA, protein expression	Yes	(Lacruz et al. 2012a), (Wang et al. 2014; Nurbaeva et al. 2015a), (Picard et al. 2009; Feske, 2011)
STIM2	↓	↑	mRNA, protein expression	No	(Lacruz et al. 2012a), (Nurbaeva et al. 2015a)
IP3R	—	—	Radioligand binding	—	(Hubbard, 1996)
IP3R1, IP3R2, IP3R3	Same	Same	Protein expression	?	(Nurbaeva et al. 2015a)
RyR1,RyR2, RyR3	Not expressed (?)	Not expressed (?)	mRNA, protein expression	?	(Nurbaeva et al. 2015a)
Ca2+ entry
ORAI1	↓	↑	mRNA, protein, function	Yes	(Feske, 2011; Nurbaeva et al. 2015a), (McCarl et al. 2009)
ORAI2	↓	↑	mRNA, function(?)	?	(Nurbaeva et al. 2015a)
ORAI3	↓	↑	mRNA, function(?)	?	(Nurbaeva et al. 2015a)
Ca2+ extrusion molecules
(i) Ca2+ exchangers
NCKX1	↑	↓	mRNA	?	(Hu et al. 2012)
NCKX2	Same	Same	mRNA	?	(Hu et al. 2012)
NCKX3	↑	↓	mRNA	?	(Hu et al. 2012)
NCKX4	↓	↑	mRNA, protein expression	Yes	(Hu et al. 2012), (Parry et al. 2013), (Wang et al. 2014)
NCKX5	↓	↑	mRNA	?	(Hu et al. 2012)
NCKX6	Same	Same	mRNA	?	(Hu et al. 2012)
NCX	—	—	Function	—	(Okumura et al. 2010)
NCX1	Same	Same	mRNA, protein,	?	(Okumura et al. 2010; Lacruz et al. 2012b)
NCX2	Not expressed	Not expressed	mRNA, protein	N/A	(Okumura et al. 2010)
NCX3	↑	↓	mRNA, protein	?	(Okumura et al. 2010; Lacruz et al. 2012b)
(ii) Ca2+ pumps
SERCA1	Not expressed	Not expressed	mRNA	N/A	(Franklin et al. 2001), (Nurbaeva et al. 2015a)
SERCA2	↓	↑	mRNA, protein, function	?	(Franklin et al. 2001), (Nurbaeva et al. 2015a)
SERCA3	Not expressed	Not expressed	mRNA	N/A	(Franklin et al. 2001), (Nurbaeva et al. 2015a)
PMCA	?	?	EM, protein	—	(Salama et al. 1987), (Borke et al. 1993)
PMCA1	Expressed (?)	Expressed (?)	mRNA, protein	?	(Borke et al. 1993)
PMCA2	Not expressed	—	mRNA	N/A	(Borke et al. 1993)
PMCA3	Not expressed	—	mRNA	N/A	(Borke et al. 1993)
PMCA4	Expressed (?)	Expressed (?)	mRNA, protein	?	(Borke et al. 1993)