Table 2.
Phenolics, flavonoids, phenolic acid contents and antioxidant evaluations of five wild species of Physalis
| Species and reference compounds | Phenolic content (mg AGE/g dt) | Flavonoid content (mg QE/g dt) | Phenolic acid content (mg CE/g dt) | DPPH scavenging capacity (EC50) (µg/mL) | Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (mg AAE/mL) | Iron reducing power (IC50) (µg AAE/mL) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leaves | ||||||
| P. patula (413) | 129.06 ± 0.66 a | 13.363 ± 0.01 d | 4.053 ± 0.049 cd | 22.96 ± 0.62 d | 2.45 ± 0.08 b | 0.43 ± 0.04 b |
| P. subulata (427) | 118.01 ± 3.34 b | 20.152 ± 0.033 c | 5.566 ± 0.040 b | 8.83 ± 0.28 f | 3.59 ± 0.26 a | 0.54 ± 0.01 a |
| P. solanacea (426) | 89.83 ± 3.3 c | 9.365 ± 0.050 e | 4.671 ± 0.046 d | 8.18 ± 0.21 f | 1.80 ± 0.04 c | 0.49 ± 0.04 ab |
| P. solanacea (412) | 86.66 ± 6.32 c | 6.543 ± 0.014 f | 2.388 ± 0.034 e | 28.21 ± 0.96 c | 2.10 ± 0.10 bc | 0.44 ± 0.001 b |
| P. hederifolia var. hederifolia (407) | 58.75 ± 5.18 d | 21.265 ± 0.006 bc | 1.242 ± 0.075 f | 59.17 ± 1.42 a | 2.35 ± 0.06 b | 0.11 ± 0.001 d |
| P. angulata (401) | 40.51 ± 0.71 e | 23.036 ± 0.100 a | 6.706 ± 0.007 a | 38.74 ± 1.04 b | 2.44 ± 0.18 b | 0.20 ± 0.004 c |
| Quercetin | 5.29 ± 0.39 g | 0.08 ± 0.002 d | 0.09 ± 0.003 d | |||
| Epicatechin | 14.33 ± 0.29 e | 0.11 ± 0.005 d | 0.07 ± 0.004 d | |||
| Fruits | ||||||
| P. hederifolia var. hederifolia (407) | 86.51 ± 4.03 a | 4.80 ± 0.031 b | Not found | 0.87 ± 0.03 f | 0.59 ± 0.006 e | 0.06 ± 0.002 e |
| P. patula (413) | 53.14 ± 3.95 b | 1.392 ± 0.007 d | 7.417 ± 0.067 a | 9.14 ± 0.17 b | 1.07 ± 0.04 a | 0.10 ± 0.001 b |
| P. solanacea (426) | 46.29 ± 1.93 bc | 2.499 ± 0.023 c | 1.253 ± 0.020 d | 3.11 ± 0.05 d | 0.82 ± 0.005 c | 0.06 ± 0.002 e |
| P. solanacea (412) | 40.39 ± 5.32 cd | 4.642 ± 0.020 b | 2.773 ± 0.032 c | 2.51 ± 0.18 e | 0.72 ± 0.010 d | 0.03 ± 0.001 f |
| P. angulata (401) | 36.92 ± 2.57 cd | Not found | 7.849 ± 0.050 a | 3.05 ± 0.19 c | 0.92 ± 0.006 b | 0.02 ± 0.00 g |
| P. subulata (427) | 32.29 ± 0.93 d | 5.462 ± 0.033 a | 4.258 ± 0.03 b | 2.15 ± 0.18 e | 0.58 ± 0.15 e | 0.15 ± 0.001 a |
| Quercetin | 5.29 ± 0.39 c | 0.08 ± 0.002 f | 0.09 ± 0.003 c | |||
| Epicatechin | 14.33 ± 0.29 a | 0.11 ± 0.005 f | 0.07 ± 0.004 d | |||
| Calyces | ||||||
| P. subulata (427) | 176.58 ± 12.55 a | 39.633 ± 0.079 a | 50.570 ± 0.125 a | 60.29 ± 0.30 a | 2.07 ± 0.014 a | 0.34 ± 0.02 b |
| P. solanacea (426) | 170.78 ± 7.06 a | 5.269 ± 0.059 d | 5.805 ± 0.042 b | 12.20 ± 0.17 d | 1.56 ± 0.040 b | 0.55 ± 0.03 a |
| P. solanacea (412) | 76.68 ± 4.99 b | 3.678 ± 0.049 e | 4.054 ± 0.038 c | 27.82 ± 0.34 c | 0.63 ± 0.013 d | 0.02 ± 0.001 e |
| P. patula (413) | 91.90 ± 11.90 b | 5.339 ± 0.215 d | 5.719 ± 0.024 b | 0.94 ± 0.05 f | 1.41 ± 0.017 b | 0.24 ± 0.01 c |
| P. hederifolia var. hederifolia (407) | 54.15 ± 1.64 c | 16.48 ± 0.153 b | Traces | 7.68 ± 0.08 e | 1.03 ± 0.002 c | 0.06 ± 0.000 d |
| P. angulata (401) | 33.18 ± 1.43 c | 8.829 ± 0.032 c | 1.389 ± 0.009 d | 31.94 ± 3.03 b | 2.10 ± 0.16 a | 0.09 ± 0.01 d |
| Quercetin | 5.29 ± 0.39 e | 0.08 ± 0.002 e | 0.09 ± 0.003 d | |||
| Epicatechin | 14.33 ± 0.29 d | 0.11 ± 0.005 e | 0.07 ± 0.004 d | |||
The values represent the mean and standard deviation for three independent samples. Different letters in the same column for each type of tissue mean significant differences (p < 0.05)