Table 3.
Phenolic compounds found in the leaves, fruits, and calyces of five wild species of Physalis
| Number of compound | RT (min) | λmax | Type of phenolic compound | Species |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leaves | ||||
| 1 | 26.50 ± 0.11 | 256, 267sh, 319, 360sh | Flavonol | P. angulata (2.476) |
| 2 | 22.57 ± 0.36 | 240sh, 296sh, 326 | Phenolic acid | P. subulata (2.184) |
| 3 | 27.37 ± 0.07 | 240sh, 296sh, 325 | Phenolic acid | P. solanacea (412: 2.288; 426: 4.671) |
| 4 | 27.23 ± 0.11 | 256, 266sh, 347 | Quercetin-3-O-glycoside | P. angulata (1.544) |
| 5 | 28.41 ± 0.02 | 243sh, 265, 317sh, 345 | Kaempferol-3-O-glycoside | P. angulata (5.094) |
| 6 | 28.36 ± 0.32 | 233sh, 291sh, 324 | Phenolic acid |
P. angulata (1.281) P. patula (2.467) P. hederifolia var hederifolia (1.242) P. subulata (3.381) |
| 7 | 28.73 ± 0.05 | 227sh, 243sh, 265, 344 | Kaempferol-3-O-glycoside | P. subulata (1.522) |
| 8 | 29.63 ± 0.24 | 243sh, 290sh, 322 | Phenolic acid | P. patula (1.586) |
| 9 | 29.65 ± 0.09 | 227sh, 265, 343 | Kaempferol-3-O-glycoside |
P.angulata (2.329) P. hederifolia var. hederifolia (1.412) P. subulata (1.524) |
| 10 | 31.17 ± 0.07 | 229sh, 268sh, 308 | Phenolic acid | P. angulata (1.417) |
| 11 | 31.87 ± 0.00 | 231sh, 267sh, 312 | Phenolic acid | P. angulata (1.268) |
| 12 | 32.21 ± 0.05 | 256, 266sh, 353 | Quercetin-3-O-glycoside | P. hederifolia var. hederifolia (1.403) |
| 13 | 32.43 ± 0.03 | 226sh, 295sh, 312 | Phenolic acid (probably p-coumaric acid) | P. angulata (1.341) |
| 14 | 32.93 ± 0.00 | 265, 318sh, 354 | Kaempferol-3-O-glycoside | P. hederifolia var. hederifolia (1.331) |
| 15 | 33.29 ± 0.00 | 228sh, 266, 320sh, 343 | Kaempferol-3-O-glycoside | P. hederifolia var. hederifolia (1.515) |
| 16 | 33.82 ± 0.00 | 228sh, 265, 317sh, 345 | Kaempferol-3-O-glycoside | P. hederifolia var. hederifolia (1.897) |
| 17 | 34.16 ± 0.00 | 227sh, 244sh, 265, 318sh, 345 | Kaempferol-3-O-glycoside | P. hederifolia var. hederifolia (6.868) |
| 18 | 34.29 ± 0.00 | 228sh, 265, 317sh, 346 | Kaempferol-3-O-glycoside | P. hederifolia var. hederifolia (1.538) |
| 19 | 34.58 ± 0.00 | 236sh, 270sh, 290sh, 324 | Phenolic acid | P. angulata (1.397) |
| 20 | 34.75 ± 0.10 | 265, 294sh, 344 | Kaempferol-3-O-glycoside | P. hederifolia var. hederifolia (1.583) |
| 21 | 34.90 ± 0.03 | 228sh, 245sh, 266, 345 | Kaempferol-3-O-glycoside | P. hederifolia var. hederifolia (1.631) |
| 22 | 35.69 ± 0.20 | 255, 264sh, 294sh, 355 | Quercetin-3-O-glycoside (rutine) |
P. angulata (5.175) P. patula (5.431) P. solanacea (412: 4.388; 426: 6.882) P. subulata (5.892) |
| 23 | 34.85 ± 0.60 | 255,266sh, 296sh, 355 | Quercetin-3-O-glycoside | P. patula (3.627) |
| 24 | 36.24 ± 0.34 | 256, 266sh, 296sh, 353 | Quercetin-3-O-glycoside |
P. patula (2.421) P. solanaceous (412: 2.154, 426: 4.682) P. subulata (4.599) |
| 25 | 36.47 ± 0.16 | 227sh, 265, 294sh, 346 | Kaempferol-3-O-glycoside | P. angulata (2.837) |
| 26 | 37.40 ± 0.22 | 227sh, 265, 294sh, 346 | Kaempferol-3-O-glycoside |
P. angulata (3.577) P. patula (1.879) |
| 27 | 38.20 ± 0.08 | 265, 293sh, 343 | Kaempferol-3-O-glycoside | P. subulata (2.597) |
| 28 | 39.44 ± 0.12 | 264, 293sh, 346 | Kaempferol-3-O-glycoside |
P. hederifolia var. hederifolia (2.032) P. subulata (3.977) |
| Fruits | ||||
| F1 | 26.648 ± 0.489 | 293sh, 325 | Phenolic acid |
Physalis solanacea (412: 2.773; 426: 1.253) P. subulata (2.470) |
| F2 | 27.389 ± 0.187 | 296sh, 322 | Phenolic acid |
P. angulata (1.534) P. patula (1.144) P. subulata (1.787) |
| F3 | 29.821 ± 0.000 | 292sh, 326 | Phenolic acid | P. angulata (1.536) |
| F4 | 30.716 ± 0.000 | 283sh, 311 | Phenolic acid | P. patula (1.163) |
| F5 | 33.488 ± 0.000 | 226sh, 265, 346 | Kaempferol-3-O-glycoside | P. hederefolia var hederifolia (4.807) |
| F6 | 34.47 ± 0.000 | 291sh, 311 | Phenolic acid | P. patula (1.232) |
| F7 | 35.138 ± 0.323 | 255, 264sh, 294sh, 355 | Quercetin-3-O-glycoside |
P. patula (1.392) P. solanacea (412: 2.320, 426: 1.282) P. subulata (1.765) |
| F8 | 37.55 ± 0.000 | 281, 324sh | Dihydroflavonol | P. subulata (1.765) |
| F9 | 39.193 ± 0.000 | 277, 303sh | Dihydroflavonol | P. subulata (1.932) |
| F10 | 45.69 ± 0.000 | 286sh, 312 | Phenolic acid | P. patula (1.134) |
| F11 | 45.954 ± 0.000 | 283sh, 317 | Phenolic acid | P. angulata (1.593) |
| F12 | 46.937 ± 0.000 | 291sh, 311 | Phenolic acid | P. patula (1.282) |
| F13 | 50.091 ± 0.397 | 255, 267sh, 296sh, 355 | Quercetin-3-O-glycoside | P. solanaceous (412: 2.322; 426: 1.217) |
| F14 | 52.628 ± 0.000 | 292sh, 321 | Phenolic acid | P. angulata (1.610) |
| F15 | 55.928 ± 0.000 | 290sh, 312 | Phenolic acid | P. patula (1.429) |
| F16 | 57.497 ± 0.000 | 281sh, 318 | Phenolic acid | P. angulata (1.573) |
| Calyces | ||||
| C1 | 23.055 ± 0.054 | 246sh, 290sh, 322 | Phenolic acid |
Physalis angulata (1.389) Physalis subulata (25.085) |
| C2 | 27.855 ± 0.287 | 246sh, 292, 326 | Phenolic acid |
Physalis solanacea (412: 2.034; 426: 3.100) P. patula (3.085) Physalis subulata (12.132) |
| C3 | 28.574 ± 0.000 | 226sh, 266, 287sh, 347 | Kaempferol-3-O-glycoside | Physalis angulata (1.549) |
| C4 | 29.180 ± 0.040 | 242sh, 286sh, 322 | Phenolic acid |
Physalis patula (2.634) Physalis subulata (13.352) |
| C5 | 29.641 ± 0.000 | 228sh, 265, 345 | Kaempferol-3-O-glycoside | Physalis angulata (1.558) |
| C6 | 31.400 ± 0.317 | 246sh, 316 | Phenolic acid | Physalis solanacea (412: 2.020; 426: 2.704) |
| C7 | 33.172 ± 0.036 | 229sh, 266, 318sh, 344 | Kaempferol-3-O-glycoside | Physalis hederifolia var. hederifolia (3.084) |
| C8 | 33.572 ± 0.146 | 227sh, 2656, 316sh, 346 | Kaempferol-3-O-glycoside | Physalis hederifolia var. hederifolia (4.214) |
| C9 | 33.605 ± 0.000 | 229sh, 266, 319sh, 344 | Kaempferol-3-O-glycoside | Physalis hederifolia var. hederifolia (3.023) |
| C10 | 34.016 ± 0.000 | 225sh, 265, 340 | Kaempferol-3-O-glycoside | Physalis hederifolia var. hederifolia (3.017) |
| C11 | 35.990 ± 0.064 | 255, 264sh, 294sh, 355 | Quercetin-3-O-glycoside, (Rutin) |
Physalis angulata (2.087) Physalis solanacea (412: 2.032; 426: 2.671) Physalis patula (3.080) Physalis subulata (13.885) |
| C12 | 37.407 ± 0.135 | 267sh, 265, 293sh, 340 | Kaempferol-3-O-glycoside |
Physalis angulata (1.320) Physalis patula (2.124) |
| C13 | 37.55 ± 0.000 | 256, 266sh, 295, 352 | Quercetin-3-O-glycoside | Physalis subulata (13.278) |
| C14 | 38.606 ± 0.000 | 265, 293sh, 346 | Kaempferol-3-O-glycoside | Physalis solanaceous (412: 1.646; 426: 2.631) |
| C15 | 38.437 ± 0.175 | 225sh, 265, 291sh, 346 | Kaempferol-3-O-glycoside |
Physalis angulata (2.335) Physalis hederifolia var. hederifolia (3.146) |
| C16 | 39.897 ± 0.000 | 226sh, 265, 345 | Kaempferol-3-O-glycoside | Physalis subulata (12.469) |
Figures in brackets mean concentration (mg/g dry tissue)