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. 2017 Apr 26;7:1202. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-01391-2

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a) Illustration of the chemical forces between the inks. A small gap can be accomplished with any ink pairing with opposing chemistries, not just silver nanoparticle solutions. (b) Two parallel lines forming a chemical gap. The lines are electrically isolated. (c) A zoomed in image of an average chemical gap. Results like this were observed across multiple devices. (d) SEM photograph taken at 16880× magnification of the smallest observed electrically isolated gap.