Table 1.
Retention times and molecular masses of compounds tentatively identified in pedal swabs of brown bear (Ursus arctos; 1 – present in all samples, 0 – absent in all samples).
| Retention time (min) | Adult females’ samples (N = 12) | Yearling male samples (N = 4) | Adult males’ samples (N = 8) | Tentatively identified compounds | Molecular mass | CAS no | Chemical characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8.99 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Hexanoic acid | 116 | 142-62-1 | Carboxylic acid, skin-borne |
| 14.74 | 0 | 0 | 1 | Octanoid acid | 144 | 124-07-2 | Carboxylic acid, skin-borne |
| 17.54 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Nonanoic acid | 158 | 112-05-0 | Carboxylic acid, skin-borne |
| 19.34 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Unknown | — | n/a | — |
| 20.06 | 1 | 1 | 1 | n-Decanoid acid | 172 | 334-48-5 | Saturated fatty acid, skin-borne |
| 20.32 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Unknown | — | n/a | — |
| 20.64 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Unknown | — | n/a | — |
| 20.89 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Vanillin | 152 | 121-33-5 | — |
| 21.1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Unknown | — | n/a | — |
| 21.54 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Unknown | — | n/a | — |
| 21.75 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Unknown | — | n/a | — |
| 22.88 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Unknown | — | n/a | — |
| 25.42 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Unknown | — | n/a | — |
| 27.6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Unknown | — | n/a | — |
| 27.9 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Cyclohexanone, 5-octyl-3,3,5-trimethyl | 252 | 129126-26-7 | Ketone of animal origin |
| 28.42 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Unknown | — | n/a | — |
| 29.38 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Tetradecanoid acid | 228 | 544-63-8 | Saturated fatty acid, skin-borne |
| 30.47 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Phthalic acid, dodecyl 2-isopropooxyphenyl ester | 468 | n/a | Aromatic carboxylic acid, organic |
| 31.9 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1-Hexadecanol | 242 | 36653-82-4 | Fatty alcohol, skin-borne wax |
| 33.11 | 0 | 0 | 1 | Thunbergene | 272 | 1898-13-1 | Cembrenoid, diterpene, might be both animal and plant origin |
| 34.65 | 0 | 0 | 1 | Nerolidol | 222 | 7212-44-4 | Sesquiterpene of plant origin |
| 35.12 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Thunbergol | 290 | 25269-17-4 | Diterpene of animal or plant origin |
| 36.32 | 0 | 0 | 1 | Unknown | — | n/a | — |
| 36.31 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Unknown | — | n/a | — |
| 38.54 | 0 | 0 | 1 | Unknown | — | n/a | — |
| 39.04 | 0 | 0 | 1 | Dehydroabietate | 284 | 13601-88-2 | Resin acid |