Figure 1.

Double-stranded DNA led to nuclear translocation of transcription factors IRF3 and NF-κB. (a) Immunofluorescent staining of cultured endothelial cells with DAPI (blue) and anti-Lamin-antibody (red) showed transfection of poly(dA:dT) into the intracellular compartment after complex formation with cationic lipids. Scale bar is 10 µm. (b,c) Transfection of endothelial cells with poly(dA:dT) led to nuclear translocation of transcription factors IRF3 (b) and to a lesser extent of NF-κB (c). Cells were stained with antibodies against IRF3 (green) and p65-subunit of NF-κB (red). Scale bar is 10 µm. (d) Representative bright field images upon treatment of endothelial cells with poly(dA:dT) with or without cationic lipids. Scale bar is 100 µm.