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. 2017 Apr 25;7:1143. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-01247-9

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Left: Phase diagram with phase boundary lines as suggested by Vist and Davis¹³. Liquid–liquid coexistence is expected in the L_d + L_o regime (green). The L_o, L_d, gel and gel + L_o regions are coloured in yellow, blue, red and orange, respectively. The diagram is shifted upward by 4 K so that the main transition temperature T _m agrees with that of non-deuterated DPPC. The locations of the simulated systems, also listed in Table S1, are shown by numbers (DPPC–cholesterol) and letters (pure DPPC). Their colours indicate their phases determined from our analyses. Systems 3, 6, and 7 show heterogeneous behaviour. Right: Snapshots of selected systems labelled by the points in the phase diagram: (8) Chol20₃₁₆ (L_o phase), (5) Chol10₃₂₆ (L_d phase), (3) Chol10₃₁₆ (ordered/disordered/hexagonal), DPPC is shown in cyan and lime (chains and other parts) and cholesterol in white. Water, ions, and lipid chain hydrogens are omitted for clarity. Red and blue boxes highlight disordered and ordered regions, respectively.