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. 2017 Apr 24;7:1081. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-01167-8

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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qPCR validation of miRNA expression in eCig exposed human lung epithelial cells (A). Differential expression of selected miRNAs. Validation was attempted on eight miRNAs chosen based on their magnitude of change and biological interest. Shown are normalized expression levels for these 8 selected miRNA. Rows represent miRNA and columns represent samples. Blue indicates low expression, while yellow indicates high expression. Individual treatment groups were untreated control (CTL), cigarette smoke condensate (CSC), non-vaporized liquid without (LIQ-NONIC) or with (LIQ-NIC) nicotine, and vaporized/condensed liquid without (VAP-NONIC) or with (VAP-NIC) nicotine. (B) Validation of microRNA expression by qPCR. We used qPCR to confirm expression patterns predicted by RNA-Seq analysis for 8 miRNA (MIR29A-5P, MIR140-5P, MIR126P, MIR374A-3P, MIR26A-2-3P and MIR147B, MIR941 and MIR589-5P) that were induced following treatment of any eCig liquid (ANY LIQUID). We successfully validated differences in expression for 6 of these 8 miRNA. ^# p < 0.05; ^#! p < 0.056 (MWU) (CTL vs any ANY LIQ).