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. 2017 Apr 26;7:1203. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-01355-6

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Heat map for the fold change of selected gene markers in different culture systems for primary buffalo hepatocyte 3D culture. The expression of the markers, HNF4α, AAT, PCNA, AFP, GSP, CK18, and CPS, was not significant between fresh and cultured cells. However, the expression of the markers, GAPDH, ALB, CK8, CYP1A1, and TAT, was significantly (P < 0.05, indicated as ★) different between fresh and cultured cells. The green and red colours indicate higher and lower fold change in the gene expression, respectively, than that of fresh cells. The circled culture systems are considered as best than other culture methods for culturing buffalo hepatocytes for 6 days in a 3D manner.