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. 2017 May 2;7:1349. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-00992-1

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Worm burden, liver egg burden and animal survival rate. (A) Adult worm of S. japonicum obtained from mice infected with S. japonicum (SJ) and those coinfected with S. japonicum and S. typhimurium (CI); (B) S. japonicum eggs obtained from liver of mice infected with S. japonicum (SJ) and those coinfected with S. japonicum and S. typhimurium (CI); (C) Survival rate of mice in different groups. SJ, mice infected with 80 cercariae of S. japonicum only; CI, mice infected with 80 cercariae followed by S. typhimurium ATCC14028 infection 5 weeks later; CO, mice as uninfected control. Time points in Roman numerical mean corresponding weekly points, time points in Arabic numerical indicates days after S. typhimurium was introduced. The statistically significant differences were calculated using independent samples T test with SPSS 13.0 and error bars represent SEM, **p < 0.01.