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. 2017 May 2;7:1315. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-01501-0

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The importance of lipid composition and hydrophobicity in the evolution of tubercle bacilli. Abbreviations: PDIMs, phthiocerol dimycocerosates; LOSs, lipooligosaccharides, PGLs, glycosyl phenolphthiocerol dimycocerosates (phenolic glycolipids); DATs & PATs, di- & pentaacyl trehaloses; SGLs, sulfoglycolipids. Graded green and red backgrounds indicate environmental and mammalian pathogen associations, respectively. Evolution cannot take place directly from modern M. kansasii and “M. canettii”, which are shown as related taxa. The hypothetical transitional taxon, labelled “Mycobacterium canettii/tuberculosis”, possibly corresponds to the well-characterised So93R rough variant of “M. canettii”²⁹. Increasing hydrophobicity, with time, applies to both lipid composition and whole cells.