. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 May 15.

Published in final edited form as: J Appl Toxicol. 2014 Sep 1;35(5):466–477. doi: 10.1002/jat.3046

Table 3.

Cytoplasmic and nuclear total, oxidized and reduced glutathione levels and GSH/GSSG redox ratio in groups pretreated for 24 h with ascorbic acid, followed by 1-h treatment with 3,5-DMAP +/− ascorbic acid

	Cytoplasmic				Nuclear
	Total GSH (U mg⁻¹ protein)	GSSG (mUmg⁻¹ protein)	GSH (U mg⁻¹ protein)	GSH/GSSG Redox Ratio	Total GSH (U mg⁻¹ protein)	GSSG (mUmg⁻¹ protein)	GSH (U mg⁻¹ protein)	GSH/GSSG Redox Ratio
Control	15.151 ± 0.995^a	1.374 ± 0.052^a	12.403 ± 1.099^a	9.092 ± 1.147^a	5.538 ± 0.426^a	0.313 ± 0.017^a	4.912 ± 0.392^a	17.650 ± 0.411^a
Asc	18.554 ± 0.814^b	0.957 ± 0.016^b	16.641 ± 0.846^b	17.423 ± 1.184^b	6.540 ± 0.419^ab	0.314 ± 0.045^a	5.912 ± 0.508^a	21.778 ± 4.426^b
D25	21.792 ± 0.269^b	5.650 ± 0.078^c	10.491 ± 0.424^a	1.859 ± 0.101^c	7.521 ± 0,132^b	1.825 ± 0.087^b	3.871 ± 0.079^b	4.135 ± 0.167^b
D25-Asc	19.617 ± 1.463^b	1.868 ± 0.122^a	15.880 ± 1.707^b	8.644 ± 1.477^a	7.905 ± 0,142^b	1.328 ± 0.106^c	5.249 ± 0.165^a	5.954 ± 0.158^b

Total GSH, totalglutathione peroxidase 1; GSSG, oxidized glutathione; GSH, reduced glutathione.

Values are given as the mean ± SD of n = 3 experiments and duplicate measurements.

^a,b,c

Columns that do not share the same letters are significantly different from each other (P<0.05).

(1) Control Group (C): Control AA8 cells for 24-h groups; (2) Asc-treated Group (AA): AA8 cells pre-treated with Asc (50mgml⁻¹) for 24 h; (4) 3,5-DMAP Group (D): AA8 cells were treated with 25 μM 3,5-DMAP (in serum-free medium) for 1 h; (5) Asc- and 3,5-DMAP Group (AA/D): AA8 cells were pre-treated with Asc (50mgml⁻¹) for 24 h; later cells were treated with 25 μM 3,5-DMAP (in serum-free medium) for 1 h.

For the 3,5-DMAP treated groups, after treatment with the chemical for 1 h, cells were washed twice with fresh serum-free medium and the cells were incubated in regular fresh medium for further 24 h at 37 °C for groups. For AA/D group, cells were incubated in fresh serum-free media with Asc (50mgml⁻¹) for a further 24 h at 37 °C.