. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 May 15.

Published in final edited form as: J Appl Toxicol. 2014 Sep 1;35(5):466–477. doi: 10.1002/jat.3046

Table 4.

Cytoplasmic and nuclear thiol groups, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation levels in groups pretreated for 24 h with ascorbic acid, followed by 1-h treatment with 3,5-DMAP +/− ascorbic acid

	Cytoplasmic			Nuclear
	TBARS (μmol g⁻¹ protein)	Carbonyl Groups (nmolmg⁻¹ protein)	Thiol Groups (nmolmg⁻¹ protein)	TBARS (μmol g⁻¹ protein)	Carbonyl Groups (nmolmg⁻¹ protein)	Thiol Groups (nmolmg⁻¹ protein)
Control	0.057 ± 0.002^a	1.642 ± 0.062^a	146.677 ± 2.802^a	0.015 ± 0.001^a	1.647 ± 0.329^a	49.720 ± 2.324^a
Asc	0.051 ± 0.003^a	1.798 ± 0.111^a	161.397 ± 3.692^a	0.013 ± 0.001^a	1.455 ± 0.444^a	52.358 ± 2.162^a
D25	0.235 ± 0.005^b	3.124 ± 0.333^b	139.200 ± 5.988^a	0.132 ± 0.022^b	2.351 ± 0.299^b	45.533 ± 1.347^a
D25-Asc	0.055 ± 0.007^a	1.711 ± 0.344^a	144.458 ± 0.223^a	0.036 ± 0.003^c	1.710 ± 0.134^a	50.984 ± 2.447^a

TBARS: thiobarbituric acid reactive substance.

Values are given as the mean ± SD of n = 3 experiments and duplicate measurements.

^a,b,c

Columns that do not share the same letters are significantly different from each other (P<0.05).

(1) Control Group (C): Control AA8 cells for 24-h groups; (2) Asc-treated Group (AA): AA8 cells pre-treated with Asc (50mgml⁻¹) for 24 h; (4) 3,5-DMAP Group (D): AA8 cells were treated with 25 μM 3,5-DMAP (in serum-free medium) for 1 h; (5) Asc- and 3,5-DMAP Group (AA/D): AA8 cells were pre-treated with Asc (50mgml⁻¹) for 24 h; later cells were treated with 25 μM 3,5-DMAP (in serum-free medium) for 1 h.

For the 3,5-DMAP treated groups, after treatment with the chemical for 1 h, cells were washed twice with fresh serum-free medium and the cells were incubated in regular fresh medium for further 24 h at 37 °C for groups. For AA/D group, cells were incubated in fresh serum-free media with Asc (50mgml⁻¹) for a further 24 h at 37 °C).