Table 2.
Recoveries for 95 representative amino analytes with low (L), intermediate (M) and high concentration (H) from standard mixtures (Stds, n = 5), human renal tumor and adjacent non-involved tissues (ANIT) (n = 6), rat urine and serum (n = 6) samples.
| Stds (L) | Stds (M) | Stds (H) | Renal tumor | Renal ANIT | Rat urine | Rat serum | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L-Asparagine | 111.8(1.0) | 113.2(6.3) | 112.9(4.4) | 116.2(3.0) | 112.3(0.5) | 119.7(6.8) | 118.7(6.5) |
| L-Histidine | 115.6(2.8) | 107.8(10.6) | 99.3(5.5) | 106.6(4.4) | 111.7(2.1) | 109.7(7.6) | 124.9(7.7) |
| L-Serine | 101.0(5.4) | 105.5(12.5) | 107.5(3.5) | 86.4(1.5) | 80.8(0.9) | 117(11.9) | 120.2(6.1) |
| Glycine | 109.7(5.0) | 99.6(4.6) | 105.4(3.2) | 86.4(1.5) | 80.8(0.9) | 105.2(6.6) | 96.4(8.4) |
| L-Glutamine | 104.1(2.2) | 111.5(8.5) | 107.6(6.1) | 114.3(1.1) | 109.4(2.5) | 106.1(9.1) | 98.9(10.1) |
| L-Arginine | 101.3(2.0) | 89.2(6.4) | 91.6(4.2) | 115.0(3.1) | 117.6(2.6) | 105.6(16.1) | 109.4(10.7) |
| L-Aspartic acid | 98.9(4.6) | 107.9(6.1) | 107.9(0.6) | 116.0(1.5) | 114.1(2.0) | 117.1(8.8) | 119.8(1.7) |
| L-Glutamic acid | 116.1(2.1) | 113.8(5.0) | 108.1(0.9) | 114.4(3.2) | 119.9(2.2) | 113.2(10.7) | 108.5(6.5) |
| L-Threonine | 110.3(4.5) | 109.3(2.9) | 109.3(0.2) | 117.6(2.4) | 116.6(1.7) | 115.5(11.7) | 114.5(8.4) |
| L-Alanine | 102.9(2.2) | 107.0(6.3) | 111.3(3.1) | 120.8(2.4) | 120.4(1.3) | 112.1(7.2) | 118.6(8.1) |
| L-Proline | 111.1(0.8) | 108.2(5.3) | 107.4(3.7) | 112.5(3.0) | 115.1(2.0) | 106.5(5.9) | 101.9(7.1) |
| L-Tyrosine | 113.7(4.7) | 126.6(6.3) | 135.7(2.1) | 131.7(2.2) | 116.1(4.2) | 99.7(4.6) | 119.4(6.3) |
| L-Methionine | 107.9(2.2) | 106.5(6.4) | 108.7(4.7) | 108.6(1.8) | 105.6(2.2) | 100.8(8.4) | 108.1(6.9) |
| L-Lysine | 106.4(2.8) | 106.3(5.1) | 106.7(3.5) | 114.3(1.9) | 110.5(6.3) | 109.3(9.3) | 110.5(10.0) |
| L-Valine | 109.2(1.2) | 107.4(4.2) | 108.8(4.7) | 112.1(1.8) | 110.0(1.9) | 119.3(1.9) | 105.4(7.5) |
| L-Isoleucine | 110.0(2.4) | 113.2(7.3) | 108.8(3.5) | 114.9(2.7) | 108.1(1.3) | 84.9(14.2) | 119.3(4.3) |
| L-Leucine | 99.6(4.5) | 104.2(6.6) | 112.5(3.4) | 113.9(3.7) | 107.1(3.3) | 99.3(16.4) | 96.2(13) |
| DL-Phenylalanine | 103.7(2.5) | 107.3(7.8) | 107.9(3.3) | 108.2(2.3) | 115.7(0.7) | 115.9(1.9) | 105.4(6.1) |
| L-Tryptophan | 103.3(4.5) | 101.6(7.5) | 103.4(4.8) | 105.8(2.8) | 103.7(1.9) | 117.3(1.3) | 115.6(4.3) |
| D-Homoserine | 110.0(3.9) | 112.9(4.9) | 111.6(1.3) | 116.2(1.7) | 109.3(3.4) | 105.6(7.4) | 103.4(5.3) |
| β-alanine | 108.1(2.0) | 105.3(4.4) | 106.6(0.7) | 114.8(4.3) | 114.7(2.7) | 101.1(8.3) | 110.0(6.7) |
| L-Citrulline | 113.4(3.8) | 109.9(5.6) | 108.4(2.3) | 114.0(5.4) | 108.7(3.5) | 117.1(3.9) | 103.9(6.7) |
| L-Homoarginine | 102.4(6.2) | 97.0(7.4) | 79.9(8.6) | 119.5(0.5) | 108.6(8.8) | 103.5(5.0) | 82.7(6.9) |
| γ-aminobutyric acid | 112.6(2.4) | 105.0(3.9) | 108.2(2.5) | 111.4(5.0) | 107.8(0.5) | 112.6(3.1) | 106.6(5.5) |
| L-Homocitrulline | 110.8(1.4) | 112.7(3.4) | 108.9(3.3) | 115.4(5.4) | 115.7(1.9) | 116.5(6.0) | 108.0(5.3) |
| L-2-aminoadipic acid | 112.7(2.4) | 111.8(10.8) | 111.5(4.1) | 110.8(4.6) | 114.5(0.9) | 108.7(10.0) | 104.2(4.4) |
| DL-3-aminoisobutyrate | 110.9(3.3) | 107.5(4.5) | 106.6(1.5) | 110.5(3.1) | 108.2(2.8) | 108.3(4.8) | 96.7(5.9) |
| 2-Aminoisobutyric acid | 47.6(8.8) | 163.7(11.9) | 157.1(8.4) | 144.3(1.6) | 113.5(2.4) | 189.2(1.2) | 158.0(0.4) |
| 5-Aminovaleric acid | 117.4(1.8) | 111.3(5.9) | 110.6(2.2) | 115.3(2.0) | 110.1(3.4) | 114.1(3.3) | 105.5(3.7) |
| L-2-Aminobutyric acid | 108.8(3.2) | 107.5(6.3) | 109.6(2.0) | 111.7(4.6) | 108.5(2.8) | 86.8(6.7) | 106.8(4.9) |
| 2,4-diaminobutyric acid | 113.1(1.8) | 114.8(5.9) | 113.8(0.7) | 115.8(4.4) | 110.6(2.0) | 100.5(5.0) | 101.9(4.6) |
| DL-2,6-diaminopimelate | 104.2(3.1) | 108.2(5.7) | 114.3(4.9) | 111.7(0.4) | 101.0(2.4) | 106.4(6.4) | 104.7(4.9) |
| L-Ornithine | 102.2(2.4) | 108.2(5.6) | 111.4(1.3) | 111.9(1.6) | 108.1(4.8) | 120.2(1.1) | 113.5(4.2) |
| 6-Aminocaproic acid | 104.0(2.6) | 106.3(5.6) | 106.1(2.4) | 107.1(1.2) | 103.3(2.9) | 99.6(3.2) | 118.6(3.7) |
| L-Norvaline | 107.5(1.3) | 106.3(7.0) | 108.8(3.7) | 117.9(2.7) | 112.5(4.1) | 107.2(7.1) | 108.7(4.9) |
| D–(−)-α-Phenylglycine | 99.2(3.5) | 107.9(3.7) | 107.9(4.5) | 109.5(3.1) | 104.1(2.9) | 103.2(4.3) | 117.0(5.9) |
| L-Kynurenine | 106.2(4.7) | 105.8(1.7) | 110.5(2.8) | 111.6(1.9) | 110.3(3.4) | 106.5(13.5) | 115.0(8.2) |
| L-Norleucine | 105.4(4.8) | 102.5(2.8) | 104.8(3.6) | 111.6(1.9) | 109.1(1.9) | 109.2(4.0) | 97.3(4.2) |
| (−)-Norepinephrine | 107.2(2.1) | 108.0(7.2) | 108.7(2.4) | 111.1(3.1) | 104.2(2.8) | 103.0(8.1) | 102.1(3.4) |
| (±)-Octopamine | 113.2(6.9) | 110.8(5.1) | 110.7(1.3) | 112.9(1.0) | 111.6(2.5) | 114.4(9.9) | 110.0(14.1) |
| Dopamine | 112.3(2.4) | 105.9(6.7) | 109.7(1.4) | 108.0(3.6) | 109.1(4.6) | 116.6(1.2) | 112.3(4.2) |
| Tyramine | 106.4(2.7) | 101.7(5.1) | 106.0(3.0) | 104.2(3.7) | 107.5(5.2) | 122.1(2.5) | 93.4(3.1) |
| 3-Methoxytyramine | 105.1(2.1) | 103.4(5.8) | 107.4(0.5) | 108.6(4.8) | 107.7(5.2) | 111.4(11.4) | 106.0(5.7) |
| Tryptamine | 111.1(3.9) | 109.4(5.0) | 108.7(5.2) | 110.0(2.8) | 118.7(1.6) | 119.7(1.8) | 79.1(0.9) |
| 4-Aminophenol | 107.2(1.3) | 107.8(6.3) | 109.4(3.2) | 106.8(3.0) | 107.0(1.9) | 86.2(3.5) | 116.9(3.0) |
| 4-Aminohippuric acid | 117.7(6.2) | 111.4(19.6) | 100.4(5.3) | 107.3(0.5) | 109.3(6.3) | 103.2(6.4) | 100.8(8.5) |
| 3-Aminobenzoic acid | 114.4(1.9) | 99.8(6.3) | 101.9(8.2) | 104.1(2.3) | 99.9(6.9) | 95.1(0.8) | 97.0(0.9) |
| 3-Aminosalicylic acid | 113.3(2.1) | 106.9(4.6) | 106.4(3.8) | 103.3(3.0) | 115.0(2.6) | 120.8(3.0) | 104.1(10.2) |
| 4-Aminobenzoic acid | 104.8(5.6) | 105.8(5.3) | 108.2(1.5) | 105.0(2.6) | 110.0(2.3) | 82.4(0.9) | 84.3(1.0) |
| L-Cysteic acid | 100.5(1.0) | 105.9(7.4) | 113.6(3.2) | 120.1(1.6) | 110.5(3.5) | 101.0(6.1) | 106.8(7.2) |
| Taurine | 116.4(3.0) | 105.5(9.0) | 107.5(3.9) | 114.3(1.9) | 127.6(3.2) | 108.6(3.1) | 93.5(15.0) |
| Hypotaurine | 113.5(2.4) | 106.0(6.7) | 103.0(1.6) | 109.3(2.5) | 106.8(2.7) | 120.6(2.2) | 105.5(2.6) |
| DL-Methionine sulfone | 109.4(0.5) | 112.7(4.5) | 111.2(2.2) | 114.0(3.7) | 109.9(2.1) | 103.2(6.4) | 103.8(3.9) |
| DL-methionine sulfoxide | 118.9(1.7) | 112.4(3.7) | 112.5(5.4) | 116.7(4.6) | 111.3(0.7) | 108.4(5.9) | 107.5(5.0) |
| Glutathione disulfide | 88.5(4.3) | 95.9(15.5) | 97.7(2.9) | 94.3(6.6) | 99.0(8.2) | 104.0(5.8) | 95.4(3.6) |
| L-Cystine | 103.2(3.4) | 101.3(5.4) | 107.1(2.8) | 108.5(2.9) | 117.3(1.7) | 84.6(2.2) | 90.7(1.4) |
| Cystamine | 106.2(0.7) | 102.5(9.5) | 104.0(4.0) | 105.7(1.8) | 105.3(3.3) | 89.1(0.7) | 84.1(2.6) |
| L-Homocystine | 101.0(6.7) | 102.5(6.8) | 105.5(4.0) | 108.3(4.7) | 104.3(3.2) | 100.2(2.3) | 83.5(1.6) |
| Cystathionine | 104.7(2.0) | 112.0(8.0) | 109.3(4.8) | 118.3(5.4) | 83.2(10.7) | 108.3(3.8) | 87.7(3.4) |
| S-(2-Aminoethyl)-L-Cys | 104.3(1.9) | 110.0(7.4) | 109.0(2.5) | 110.4(2.5) | 104.6(3.0) | 112.4(1.0) | 105.9(4.7) |
| L-Cysteine | 102.9(1.7) | 110.9(7.5) | 107.8(2.4) | 108.1(1.2) | 102.9(2.1) | 109.9(3.8) | 99.9(3.5) |
| Djenkolic Acid | 94.9(6.3) | 103.7(5.7) | 105.3(7.8) | 102.7(7.8) | 97.0(5.4) | 111.8(2.2) | 109.6(3.5) |
| Cysteamine | 108.7(1.9) | 104.4(4.7) | 105.8(1.6) | 111.3(2.2) | 108.7(4.1) | 92.1(0.7) | 90.4(3.6) |
| DL-Ethionine | 104.9(0.8) | 109.2(6.5) | 108.1(3.5) | 108.5(1.2) | 108.6(2.6) | 106.1(6.6) | 108.2(3.3) |
| DL-Homocysteine | 109.0(2.6) | 110.3(6.3) | 108.3(3.8) | 108.3(4.1) | 107.6(6.9) | 100.8(5.9) | 92.8(7.0) |
| Glutathione | 93.2(12.1) | 104.9(8.8) | 105.1(10.9) | 105.2(13.6) | 112.8(10.6) | 95.0(9.9) | 82.8(7.2) |
| L-Carnosine | 104.9(6.7) | 101.4(10.3) | 97.7(7.6) | 134.3(5.8) | 138.0(6.3) | 103.0(8.0) | 95.6(6.3) |
| Ala-leu | 113.5(9.3) | 108.0(4.2) | 109.0(2.9) | 107.2(2.6) | 105.1(2.0) | 113.7(5.2) | 104.3(4.6) |
| Ala-Trp | 105.3(4.3) | 109.6(6.5) | 108.6(4.7) | 116.7(0.9) | 112.4(1.9) | 113.6(3.1) | 116.6(1.9) |
| trans-4-Hydroxy-L-Pro | 106.2(7.3) | 107.9(8.1) | 116.6(3.9) | 98.8(2.5) | 100.2(3.1) | 84.3(6.6) | 95.6(13.1) |
| O-PE | 114.4(9.0) | 107.3(9.4) | 106.9(5.6) | 110.3(1.7) | 114.9(1.1) | 108.0(2.6) | 99.5(1.8) |
| Sarcosine | 18.4(7.3) | 76.8(16.1) | 75.2(11.5) | 110.1(7.4) | 86.4(5.1) | 193.8(2.7) | 154.4(4.4) |
| 3-Methyl-L-histidine | 107.2(4.9) | 96.4(2.9) | 91.1(6.3) | 112.8(1.3) | 104.5(11.7) | 106.3(9.9) | 107(9.3) |
| 1-Methyl-L-histidine | 90.9(12.1) | 90.9(14.5) | 88.5(2.1) | 106.9(9.7) | 106.9(3.6) | 109.6(12.2) | 120.3(2.5) |
| ADMA | 114.2(16.8) | 112.8(10.2) | 108.2(4.7) | 102.1(9.6) | 104.8(16.6) | 108.1(4.1) | 87.7(4.3) |
| O-acetyl-L-serine | 106.3(3.7) | 107.8(5.0) | 107.7(2.9) | 110.2(2.7) | 105.5(2.6) | 103.4(3.8) | 120.3(4.3) |
| Nα-Acetyl-L-lysine | 109.5(0.9) | 109.9(7.1) | 112.6(2.8) | 111.9(3.3) | 106.5(2.4) | 114.4(3.8) | 100.3(5.3) |
| DL-5-Hydroxylysine | 103.1(3.0) | 105.0(8.5) | 108.0(3.0) | 111.2(2.8) | 103.0(2.7) | 105.9(5.7) | 103.9(3.6) |
| 5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan | 106.3(4.9) | 103.5(1.6) | 103.4(3.0) | 104.0(3.8) | 104.9(2.1) | 109.2(2.3) | 103.6(3.0) |
| 4-Hydroxy-L-isoleucine | 88.6(2.1) | 117.2(2.7) | 124.0(1.4) | 117.9(8.0) | 97.4(1.6) | 110.6(4.6) | 120.6(3.5) |
| Ethanolamine | 110.2(2.4) | 104.0(8.7) | 103.5(3.3) | 113.0(2.4) | 116.4(2.9) | 114.6(2.2) | 102.6(5.8) |
| Methylamine | 115.3(2.2) | 107.4(6.8) | 110.9(5.8) | 114.2(1.2) | 113.1(3.2) | 110.2(15.2) | 110.3(6.6) |
| Agmatine | 108.4(7.2) | 105.6(4.5) | 113.5(1.6) | 118.4(0.3) | 113.8(3.0) | 110.8(6.2) | 100.2(2.6) |
| Ethylamine | 116.0(0.8) | 107.5(5.8) | 108.2(3.7) | 108.5(1.4) | 111.6(1.3) | 107.5(1.4) | 105.7(6.4) |
| Putrescine | 105.2(3.3) | 104.5(6.2) | 105.1(7.2) | 109.4(1.5) | 110.9(6.4) | 110.1(2.2) | 104.2(3.0) |
| Cadaverine | 103.3(3.8) | 105.9(3.0) | 106.5(1.4) | 106.8(1.6) | 110.1(2.2) | 105.7(2.0) | 106.7(5.1) |
| Spermine | 99.2(3.2) | 105.9(9.9) | 101.1(9.8) | 100.0(8.9) | 103.1(3.6) | 82.3(0.5) | 102.7(7.0) |
| Prolinamide | 110.3(7.2) | 104.8(5.6) | 109.4(4.6) | 109.2(2.5) | 104.7(4.6) | 110.2(5.1) | 98.6(5.5) |
| Allantoin | 98.1(0.8) | 98.9(6.5) | 113.7(9.4) | 113.6(10.5) | 108.7(12.3) | 120.1(1.3) | 100.0(11.9) |
| 5-Hydroxydopamine | 116.1(6.2) | 108.9(4.4) | 102.9(7.5) | 105.5(3.7) | 106.1(3.9) | 94.4(4.5) | 103.1(6.0) |
| 3,4-dihydroxy-DL-Phe | 116.2(0.4) | 106.7(4.9) | 106.8(3.8) | 108.7(5.4) | 108.4(2.4) | 105.3(10.7) | 110.4(2.7) |
| DL-Normetanephrine | 112.3(6.0) | 108.2(6.5) | 107.9(3.3) | 107.1(1.8) | 103.5(3.6) | 110.5(1.3) | 107.0(4.3) |
| 1,3-Diaminopropane | 109.8(2.1) | 107.8(5.8) | 111.6(6.6) | 111.6(1.0) | 109.5(2.8) | 106.1(0.9) | 103.0(3.6) |
| 1,2-Diaminopropane | 104.8(1.5) | 105.2(7.0) | 106.2(1.2) | 106.2(4.2) | 102.3(3.4) | 100.6(1.3) | 90.3(3.6) |
| L-Tryptophanamide | 104.0(3.1) | 105.4(9.0) | 107.8(3.8) | 111.2(3.1) | 111.1(1.6) | 100.3(2.6) | 112.0(3.9) |
Data in parathesis are RSD (%); data in bold letters were from metabolites detected in real sample whereas these in italics were not. ADMA: Asymmetric dimethylarginine; Cys: cysteine, Pro: proline; O-PE: O-Phosphorylethanolamine; Phe: phenylalanine.