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. 2017 May 3;7:1477. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-01550-5

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of miRNA- and anti-miRNA-139-5p. (A) miRNA-139-5p (100 nM) produces significant (*p < 0.05; n = 5) decrease in the IAS tone, as compared with scrambled miRNA (control), which is significantly blocked by pre-treatment with 100 nM antagomir (*p < 0.05; n = 5). Conversely, 100 nM antagomir by itself significantly (*p < 0.05; n = 4) increases the IAS tone as compared to control. (B) miRNA-139-5p significantly shifts U46619 CRC causing an increase in the IAS tone towards right (*p < 0.05; n = 6–8), which is attenuated by the antagomir. In contrast, the antagomir causes a significant shift in the control CRC to left (p > 0.05; n = 6–8). (C) Time course data with U46619 (1 μM) before and after miRNA-139-5p show a significant (*p < 0.05) decrease in the maximal increase in the IAS tone and increase in the time taken to achieve it following miRNA-139-5p transfection. The above described effect of miRNA-139-5p is significantly (*p < 0.05) attenuated by the pre-transfection of the smooth muscles with anti-miRNA-139-5p. Conversely, anti-miRNA-139-5p significantly (*p < 0.05) increases the maximal effect and produces left-ward shift in time-course of U46619-induced contraction. Changes in the shifts in the kinetic velocities following U46619 are shown by the regression analyses with dashed lines.