Table III.
Univariate analysis of the clinical factors influencing the prognosis of patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms.
| Univariate analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable prognostic factor | Mean survival time, months | Hazard ratio | 95% CI | P-value |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 84 | – | – | – |
| Female | 126 | 0.476 | 0.174–1.174 | 0.147 |
| Age, years | ||||
| ≤51 | 109 | – | – | – |
| >51 | 91 | 0.996 | 0.384–2.384 | 0.994 |
| Surgical approaches | ||||
| PD/PPPD | 87 | – | – | – |
| DP | 116 | 0.789 | 0.263–2.263 | 0.672 |
| LP | 96 | 0.611 | 0.118–3.118 | 0.558 |
| TP | 44 | 1.723 | 0.196–15.196 | 0.624 |
| Primary tumor size, cm | ||||
| ≤4 | 118 | – | – | – |
| >4 | 88 | 1.516 | 0.570–4.570 | 0.404 |
| Hormone status | ||||
| Functioning | 56 | – | – | – |
| Non-functioning | 111 | 1.792 | 0.231–13.231 | 0.576 |
| Lymph node metastasis | ||||
| No | 120 | – | – | – |
| Yes | 71 | 4.802 | 1.824–12.824 | 0.001a |
| Vessel invasion | ||||
| No | 113 | – | – | – |
| Yes | 81 | 2.380 | 0.911–6.911 | 0.077 |
| Perineural invasion | ||||
| No | 113 | – | – | – |
| Yes | 84 | 1.445 | 0.531–3.531 | 0.471 |
| Distant metastasis | ||||
| No | 115 | – | – | – |
| Yes | 56 | 3.267 | 1.038–10.038 | 0.043a |
| Resection | ||||
| R0 | 115 | – | – | – |
| R1/R2 | 62 | 3.277 | 1.119–9.119 | 0.030a |
| Ki-67 (ENETS/WHO 2010) | ||||
| ≤2 | 126 | – | – | – |
| >2–20 | 88 | 2.605 | 0.688–9.688 | 0.159 |
| >20 | 21 | 28.134 | 6.219–127.219 | <0.001a |
| Ki-67 modified | ||||
| ≤5 | 128 | – | – | – |
| >5–20 | 80 | 4.470 | 1.273–15.273 | 0.019a |
| >20 | 21 | 27.857 | 7.058–109.058 | <0.001a |
a
Statistically significant. CI, confidence interval; PD, pancreatoduodenectomy; PPPD, pylorus-preserving PD; DP, distal pancreatectomy; LP, local resection of pancreatic tumor; LN lymph node; proliferation marker protein Ki-67; ENETS, European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society; WHO, World Health Organization.