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. 2017 May 8;7:1579. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-01775-4

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Mutated transthyretin induces pro-inflammatory cytokines in CD14 + monocytes. Five healthy donor (HD)-derived CD4 + and CD8 + T cells were stimulated by anti-CD3/anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies (5 μg/ml) in the presence of 10 or 1000 nM native wild-type transthyretin (TTR), native V30M mutated TTR, wild-type-derived aggregated TTR, and V30M mutated-derived aggregated TTR for 5 days. HD-derived CD14 + monocytes were cultured with each type of TTR for 2 days. The Bio-Plex system was used to examine interleukin (IL)−1β (a) and IL-6 (b) concentration in culture supernatants of CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, and CD14 + monocytes. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (c) concentration was also analysed in CD14 + monocytes.