Table 2.
Characteristics of participants before and after a 12-week dietary modification program
| Parameter | Pre (range) | Post (range) | Change (95% CI) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, year | 52.4 ± 10.0 (32.0, 64.0) | |||
| Height, cm | 168.8 ± 6.4 (156.1, 184.6) | |||
| Weight, kg | 83.4 ± 11.0 (70.4, 102.7) | 73.2 ± 14.3 (61.7, 97.2) | −8.8 ± 3.6 (−10.3, −7.2) | <0.01 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 29.2 ± 2.6 (25.7, 34.7) | 26.1 ± 2.6 (22.5, 32.7) | −3.1 ± 1.3 (−3.6, −2.5) | <0.01 |
| % WF, kg | 25.1 ± 4.0 (18.9, 33.4) | 21.5 ± 4.9 (14.3, 32.4) | −3.7 ± 2.3 (−4.7, −2.7) | <0.01 |
| Arm muscle mass, kg | 6.6 ± 1.0 (5.1, 9.2) | 6.4 ± 1.1 (4.7, 9.1) | −0.2 ± 0.5 (−0.4, 0.1) | 0.10 |
| Leg muscle mass, kg | 19.6 ± 3.1 (15.9, 26.4) | 18.4 ± 3.1 (14.3, 25.3) | −1.2 ± 0.7 (−1.5, −0.9) | <0.01 |
| SMI, kg | 9.2 ± 0.9 (7.8, 11.2) | 8.7 ± 0.9 (7.0, 10.8) | −0.5 ± 0.3 (−0.6, −0.4) | <0.01 |
| % MMI, % | 31.5 ± 3.0 (25.3, 37.2) | 33.5 ± 3.9 (26.9, 40.2) | 2.0 ± 1.6 (1.3, 2.6) | <0.01 |
| HGS | 45.3 ± 6.1 (34.5, 56.6) | 44.2 ± 5.8 (35.9, 57.6) | −1.0 ± 3.2 (−2.4, 0.3) | 0.12 |
| HGS/BW, kg | 0.55 ± 0.08 (0.44, 0.73) | 0.64 ± 0.22 (0.43, 0.77) | 0.05 ± 0.05 (0.03, 0.07) | <0.01 |
| IMT60 PTQ, Nm | 214.1 ± 53.8 (136.2, 347.9) | 192.6 ± 43.3 (116.0, 322.0) | −21.5 ± 30.4 (−34.3, −8.7) | <0.01 |
| IMT60 PTQ/BW, Nm/kg | 2.56 ± 0.51 (1.79, 3.52) | 2.77 ± 1.07 (1.61, 3.58) | 0.03 ± 0.36 (−0.12, 0.19) | 0.36 |
| IKT60 PTQ, Nm | 177.8 ± 53.2 (101.3, 347.9) | 161.1 ± 46.6 (73.8, 281.8) | −16.7 ± 14.9 (−23.0, −10.3) | <0.01 |
| IKT60 PTQ/BW, Nm/kg | 2.13 ± 0.50 (1.27. 3.43) | 2.29 ± 0.88 (1.02, 3.14) | 0.03 ± 0.19 (−0.04, 0.11) | 0.36 |
| IKT60 TW, J | 496.5 ± 136.8 (272.1, 838.4) | 462.1 ± 127.3 (213.6, 793.4) | −34.3 ± 35.8 (−49.5, −19.2) | <0.01 |
| IKT60 AP, W | 110.8 ± 34.8 (62.0, 209.1) | 102.4 ± 30.8 (47.0, 188.3) | −8.4 ± 8.7 (−12.0, −4.7) | <0.01 |
Note: Values represent the mean ± standard deviation (range).
Abbreviations: HGS, handgrip strength; HGS/BW, handgrip strength/body weight; IKT60 AP, isokinetic 60 average power; IKT60 PTQ, isokinetic 60 peak torque; IKT60 PTQ/BW, isokinetic 60 peak torque/body weight; IMT60 PTQ, Isometric60 peak torque; IMT60 PTQ/BW, isometric 60 peak torque/body weight; IKT60 TW, isokinetic 60 total work; % MMI, percentage of muscle mass index; SMI, skeletal muscle mass index; % WF, percentage of whole-body fat mass.