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. 2017 May 10;7:1689. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-01584-9

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Macrophages’ response showed a dependency on test conditions and revealed a material induced secretion of acute pro-inflammatory cytokines. (A) Interestingly, IL-1ß did not resolve differences between test conditions. (B) In contrast, IL-6 showed a strong dependency on test conditions for tests on glass, whereas (C) TNF-α demonstrated a dependency for tests on titanium, PTFE and silicone surfaces. Data of ten donors is shown (n = 10). A p-value ≤ 0.05 is considered as significant. LPS stimulation induced a high cytokine secretion, reasonably leading to provide the obtained data in separate graphs (see Figure S1). The following abbreviations are used: WO for without treatment, HI for heat-inactivated.