Table 1.

Summary of morphological data

Species	Head width (mm)	Size differenceG-F	CVHeadwidth	DI	Guards vs. Foragers		Allometry vs. Isometry			Weight (mg)	CVWeight	Target of Lestrimelitta a
					t-value	P-value*	Slope	t-value	P-value*
Friesella schrottkyi	1.41 ± 0.033	−0.5%	0.0239	0.23	−0.99	0.51	0.69	1.83	0.1	2.81 ± 0.28	0.1033	Yes
Frieseomelitta flavicornis	2.26 ± 0.045	1.6%	0.0203	0.88	3.55	0.0051	0.37	4.1	0.0012	9.49 ± 1.5	0.1646	No
Frieseomelitta longipes	2.37 ± 0.029	1.7%	0.0129	1.35	2.96	0.025	0.41	2.16	0.073	10.8 ± 1.7	0.1594	No
Frieseomelitta silvestrii	1.74 ± 0.033	1.3%	0.0195	0.67	2.59	0.039	0.72	1.17	0.26	5.05 ± 0.44	0.0897	Yes
Frieseomelitta varia	2.33 ± 0.036	1.1%	0.0156	0.74	3.38	0.0051						Yes
Geotrigona mombuca	2.45 ± 0.035	0.9%	0.0142	0.63	2.12	0.082	0.55	1.76	0.1	12.37 ± 1.4	0.1184	No
Lestrimelitta limao	2.19 ± 0.032	0.2%	0.0144	0.17	0.67	0.58	0.61	2	0.078	12.11 ± 0.86	0.0713	No
Leurotrigona muelleri	1.11 ± 0.024	1.2%	0.0217	0.58	2.09	0.082	0.51	2.55	0.039	1.4 ± 0.24	0.1705	No
Melipona fasciculata	4.45 ± 0.048	0.2%	0.0113	0.16	0.64	0.58	0.55	2.27	0.062	101.6 ± 7.2	0.0721	No
Melipona flavolineata	3.77 ± 0.075	0.6%	0.0202	0.31	1.08	0.5	0.55	2.14	0.073	56.4 ± 5.9	0.1063	No
Melipona melanoventer	4.4 ± 0.063	−0.1%	0.0119	0.10	−0.4	0.69	0.4	3.92	0.0016	92.2 ± 11.0	0.1187	No
Melipona scutellaris	4.06 ± 0.071	1.8%	0.0178	1.05	3.38	0.0076	0.67	1.75	0.1	73.5 ± 6.2	0.0872	Yes
Melipona subnitida	3.7 ± 0.052	0.9%	0.0141	0.64	2.28	0.064	0.4	2.77	0.033	60.4 ± 7.2	0.1217	No
Nannotrigona testaceicornis	1.88 ± 0.03	−0.5%	0.0160	0.34	−1.33	0.34	0.71	2.17	0.07	6.74 ± 0.53	0.0804	Yes
Paratrigona lineata	1.73 ± 0.029	0.4%	0.0169	0.24	0.74	0.58	0.33	3.77	0.003	6.27 ± 0.91	0.1469	No
Partamona helleri	2.52 ± 0.031	0.2%	0.0121	0.15	0.59	0.6	0.74	1.38	0.19	15.97 ± 0.90	0.0565	No
Plebeia droryana	1.63 ± 0.036	1.1%	0.0221	0.50	2.46	0.045	0.69	2.05	0.073	4.24 ± 0.43	0.1035	Yes
Scaptotrigona bipunctata	2.74 ± 0.058	1.8%	0.0210	0.99	4.51	0.0051	0.53	2.66	0.033	19.01 ± 2.11	0.1107	Yes
Scaptotrigona aff. depilis	2.65 ± 0.034	1.3%	0.0129	1.00	2.31	0.06	0.82	0.97	0.34	16.49 ± 0.99	0.0614	No
Scaptotrigona tubiba	2.28 ± 0.035	0.3%	0.0152	0.17	0.7	0.58	—	—	—	10.89 ± 1.28	0.1192	No
Scaura latitarsis	1.73 ± 0.03	−0.3%	0.0177	0.17	−0.64	0.58	—	—	—	—	—	Yes
Tetragona clavipes	2.51 ± 0.035	−0.3%	0.0141	0.23	−0.91	0.55	0.67	1.95	0.083	12.2 ± 1.03	0.0854	No
Tetragonisca angustula	1.79 ± 0.066	5.9%	0.0380	1.59	11.75	<0.0001	0.81	2.48	0.04	4.62 ± 0.67	0.1481	Yes
Tetragonisca fiebrigi	1.79 ± 0.056	4.8%	0.0315	1.54	12.45	<0.0001	—	—	—	—	—	Yes
Trigona fuscipennis	2.6 ± 0.032	0.2%	0.0124	0.14	0.65	0.58	0.57	2.65	0.033	15.51 ± 0.98	0.0634	No
Trigona hypogea	2.28 ± 0.025	0.3%	0.0109	0.23	1.01	0.51	0.38	4.09	0.0012	10.54 ± 0.85	0.0805	No
Trigona recursa	2.31 ± 0.055	1.9%	0.0242	0.80	3.52	0.0051	0.73	1.77	0.1	11.28 ± 1.19	0.1067	No
Trigonisca nataliae	1.17 ± 0.014	0.1%	0.0122	0.12	0.4	0.69	0.54	1.75	0.1	1.5 ± 0.12	0.0812	No

Mean head size (± s.d.) and head size differences between guards and foragers, differentiation index (DI), allometry between body weight and head size are shown for the studied species

CV coefficient of variation, DI differentiation index

*P-values shown are after Benjamini & Hochberg⁴⁶ correction for false discovery rate. Significant P-values are bold and italic.

^aKnown targets according to a recent survey²⁹