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. 2017 May 12;7:1848. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-02085-5

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Sources of cytokine/chemokine expressions in co-culture of eosinophils and BEAS-2B cells under the stimulation of LL-37. Human eosinophils (3 × 105) and BEAS-2B cells (1 × 105) were treated with or without paraformaldehyde before being cultured together with or without 10 µg/ml LL-37 for 20 h. Release of IL-6 (A), CXCL8 (B) and CCL4 (C) in culture supernatant was determined. (D) 3 × 105 eosinophils and 1 × 105 BEAS-2B cells were co-cultured with or without 10 µg/ml LL-37 for 16 h, followed by the incubation with 10 µg/ml brefeldin A for further 4 h. Intracellular staining of IL-6, CXCL8 and CCL4 were then performed. Representative histograms of intracellular staining of IL-6, CXCL8 and CCL4 are shown from triplicate independent experiments showing essentially similar results. E: unfixed eosinophils; E^: fixed eosinophils; B: unfixed BEAS-2B cells; B^: fixed BEAS-2B cells. Results are shown as arithmetic mean plus SD of triplicate independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 when compared between the denoted group and the corresponding control groups without treatment. # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01 when compared between the denoted groups and the corresponding control groups of unfixed cells with LL-37 treatments.