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. 2017 May 12;7:1808. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-01872-4

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Root elongation and DWF4-GUS expression under light and in darkness according to the bottom half covered growth (BCG) test. The results of the BCG test revealed that light perception in shoots promotes DWF4 expression in the root apex. (a) Root elongation. Red arrowheads indicate the junctions between the hypocotyl and root, while yellow arrowheads indicate the root apex positions. Hypocotyl (b) and root (c) lengths according to the BCG test. The grey background indicates which part was darkened (n = 32). Means denoted by the same letter are not significantly different (P < 0.05) according to the Tukey–Kramer method. DWF4-GUS expression around the shoot apical meristem (d–h) and in the root apex (i–m). Light conditions with no film (d,i) or with a clear film (e,j). Shoots under light and roots in darkness covered with a black film (f,k). Although the root apex was shaded, the GUS signals in the root meristem were stronger than those of plants maintained in darkness. Dark conditions with no film (g,l) or with a clear film (h,m). Bars represent 10 mm (a) and 50 µm (d–m). Error bars represent standard deviations.