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. 2017 May 11;7:1798. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-01953-4

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of pH on COM crystal adhesion on renal tubular cells. Crystal-cell adhesion assay was performed using plain COM crystals under varying pH (from 5.0 to 8.0). (A) Microscopic examination of the crystals remained and adhered on the MDCK cell monolayer after washing in each condition (original magnification power was 400×). (B) Quantitative data of the adherent COM crystals from at least 15 randomized high-power fields (HPF) per culture well in each replicate. The data are reported as mean ± SEM of the data obtained from 3 independent experiments. *p < 0.05 vs. pH 5; ***p < 0.001 vs. pH 5; ^## p < 0.01 vs. pH 6; ^$ p < 0.05 vs. pH 7.