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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Prog Polym Sci. 2016 Sep 17;65:53–82. doi: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2016.09.004

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Temperature-responsive on-off control of surface physicochemical properties. (A) Cell sheet engineering technology utilizing temperature-responsive PNIPAAm-based substrates. This system allows for temperature controlled cell adhesion-detachment that maintains cell-cell connections and deposited ECM [53]. (B) A temperature-responsive nanofabricated substratum (TNFS) approach combining cell sheet engineering and nanotopographical cues for engineering 3D tissues with oriented layer-by-layer structure. Stacked nanopatterned myoblast sheets maintain individual layer alignment and demonstrate precise control in 3D [59]. (C) Schematic views of cell adhesive peptide-bearing PNIPAAm-based surfaces showing temperature-induced on-off ligand display and control of integrin-peptide binding [67, 68].