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. 2017 May 16;45(6):e600–e606. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000002310

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Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.

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Figure 3. — Histopathology and mucosal immunophenotype pre- and post fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). (A) Colon histopathology 12 d ahead (top left) and at the day of FMT (top right). Only focal residual epithelium is present (arrows). Seven days after FMT, the epithelial lining is reestablished (bottom left). Ki-67 immunohistochemistry identifies proliferating crypt epithelia (bottom right). (B) Significantly increased CD8⁺ T cells and significantly reduced CD4⁺ T cells during acute disease in the colon, this immunophenotype is reversible after FMT (top); CD4-to-CD8 ratio is given above bars (one-way analysis of variance [ANOVA], Bonferroni-corrected, *** p < 0.0001). CD3⁺FoxP3⁺ double-positive Tregs are not significantly altered (bottom; one-way ANOVA, p = 0.2801). AAA = antibiotic-associated apoptotic, HPF = high power fields.