Table 5. Hazard ratios (95% confidence interval)* for study outcomes comparing ACEI therapy with ARB therapy, by subgroups of different age, Charlson comorbidity index score, or year of index date.
| Age | |||
| < 50 years | 50–65 years | ≥ 65 years | |
| Outcome | (n = 13872) | (n = 21946) | (n = 21997) |
| Long-term dialysis | 0.97 (0.78–1.20) | 0.94 (0.78–1.13) | 0.90 (0.75–1.08) |
| Acute kidney injury | 0.85 (0.38–1.88) | 0.65 (0.41–1.05) | 1.31 (0.99–1.74) |
| Hyperkalemia | 0.83 (0.60–1.13) | 0.89 (0.71–1.11) | 1.13 (0.99–1.29) |
| All-cause death | 1.32 (0.82–2.11) | 1.19 (0.85–1.66) | 1.14 (0.89–1.45) |
| Cardiovascular death | 1.06 (0.56–2.01) | 1.37 (0.86–2.18) | 0.90 (0.63–1.28) |
| Non-cardiovascular death | 1.72 (0.85–3.48) | 1.00 (0.62–1.62) | 1.39 (0.99–1.95) |
| Charlson comorbidity index score | |||
| 0–3 | 4–5 | ≥ 6 | |
| Outcome | (n = 11807) | (n = 22980) | (n = 23028) |
| Long-term dialysis | 1.31 (0.90–1.90) | 1.04 (0.84–1.28) | 0.83 (0.72–0.96)† |
| Acute kidney injury | 1.26 (0.62–2.56) | 1.17 (0.77–1.79) | 1.02 (0.76–1.38) |
| Hyperkalemia | 1.21 (0.86–1.71) | 1.04 (0.86–1.25) | 1.00 (0.86–1.15) |
| All-cause death | 0.72 (0.43–1.21) | 1.38 (1.01–1.86)† | 1.21 (0.94–1.56) |
| Cardiovascular death | 0.53 (0.26–1.11) | 1.45 (0.93–2.26) | 1.00 (0.71–1.43) |
| Non-cardiovascular death | 0.98 (0.48–2.02) | 1.28 (0.84–1.96) | 1.44 (1.00–2.07)† |
| Year of index date | |||
| 1997–2003 | 2004–2007 | 2008–2010 | |
| Outcome | (n = 19367) | (n = 22355) | (n = 16093) |
| Long-term dialysis | 0.94 (0.78–1.12) | 0.92 (0.78–1.08) | 0.86 (0.63–1.18) |
| Acute kidney injury | 0.86 (0.61–1.22) | 1.44 (1.02–2.04)† | 0.70 (0.37–1.32) |
| Hyperkalemia | 0.95 (0.80–1.12) | 1.12 (0.95–1.32) | 0.87 (0.65–1.18) |
| All-cause death | 0.46 (0.16–1.26) | 1.27 (0.97–1.68) | 1.16 (0.90–1.48) |
| Cardiovascular death | 0.27 (0.08–0.92)† | 1.12 (0.75–1.65) | 1.07 (0.76–1.52) |
| Non-cardiovascular death | 1.44 (0.16–12.9) | 1.38 (0.94–2.03) | 1.20 (0.84–1.69) |
* Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for age, sex, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, hepatic disease, cancer, income, occupation, geographic location, Charlson comorbidity index score, and year of index date, except for the covariate which the subgroup was based on.
†P ≤ 0.05.
ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker.