Table 2. Year 1 induced cytokine production.
Comparison of cytokine production (pg/ml) from peripheral blood mononuclear cell culture after 48 hours of stimulation with either TLR-4 agonist, TLR-3 agonist or in media alone, in offspring at year 1 of non-human primates exposed to maternal immune activation (MIA) during gestation. Data presented as Median with interquartile range; * denotes p-values less than 0.1 and ** denotes p-value less than 0.05.
| Year 2 Induced Cytokines
|
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Media | TLR-4 | TLR-3 | |||||
| MIA offspring | Saline Offspring | MIA offspring | Saline Offspring | MIA offspring | Saline Offspring | ||
| Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | ||
|
| |||||||
| Innate | IL-1β | 26.63 (1.68–150) | 0.7 (0.7–64.51) | 2,736 (2,388–8,557) | 2,604 (1,035–7,809) | 181.9** (80–861.2) | 6.16 (0.7–28.1) |
|
| |||||||
| IL-6 | 1,035** (75.61–10,000) | 4.16 (0.8–1,693) | 9,488 (6,917–23,596) | 9,142 (4,258–10,342) | 3,226** (2,357–6,527) | 964.6 (265.6–1,866) | |
|
| |||||||
| IL-12p40 | 206.6** (31.82–1,003) | 2.89 (0.6–372.6) | 630.8** (306.1–763.2) | 263.3 (106–429.1) | 360.2** (167.4–512.4) | 58.31 (0.6–311.4) | |
|
| |||||||
| TNFα | 22.45** (2.73–96) | 1.05 (1.05–12.16) | 310.3 (6.68–621.7) | 378.6 (1.05–565.5) | 136.8** (25.24–177) | 1.05 (1.05–1.4) | |
|
| |||||||
| TCell | IL-2 | 3.47** (3.3–4.73) | 3.3 (3.3–3.3) | 51.86** (3.3–66.89) | 3.3 (3.3–3.3) | 13.08** (3.3–17.47) | 3.3 (3.3–3.3) |
|
| |||||||
| TH1 | IFNγ | 2.31** (1.1–17.74) | 1.1 (1.1–1.1) | 7.6 (1.87–73.76) | 8.61 (1.1–37.95) | 24.24 (2.92–45.64) | 4.72 (1.1–23.58) |
|
| |||||||
| TH2 | IL-4 | 4.37** (1.35–18.25) | 1.35 (1.35–1.35) | 1.35* (1.35–39.62) | 1.35 (1.35–1.35) | 1.35** (1.35–20.99) | 1.35 (1.35–1.35) |
|
| |||||||
| IL-5 | 1.15 (1.15–1.15) | 1.15 (1.15–1.15) | 1.15 (1.15–1.15) | 1.15 (1.15–1.15) | 1.15 (1.15–1.15) | 1.15 (1.15–1.15) | |
|
| |||||||
| IL-13 | 1.75 (1.75–1.75) | 1.75 (1.75–1.75) | 1.75 (1.75–1.75) | 1.75 (1.75–1.75) | 1.75 (1.61–2.85) | 1.75 (1.75–1.75) | |
|
| |||||||
| TH17 | IL-17 | 0.85 (0.85–0.85) | 0.85 (0.85–0.85) | 0.85 (0.85–0.85) | 0.85 (0.85–0.85) | 0.85 (0.22–0.85) | 0.85 (0.85–0.85) |
|
| |||||||
| TReg | IL-10 | 35.75** (3.1–64.83) | 3.1 (3.1–3.1) | 3,420 (2,890–5,725) | 4,338 (1,139–7,468) | 94.75** (3.1–656.3) | 3.1 (3.1–13.07) |
|
| |||||||
| Growth Factors | G-CSF | 5.98** (1.91–9.15) | 1.1 (1.1–1.1) | 5,854** (637.9–7,863) | 1.1 (1.1–135.8) | 69.54** (268–717.9) | 1.1 (1.1–1.1) |
|
| |||||||
| GM-CSF | 1.31** (0.7–1.79) | 0.7 (0.7–0.7) | 20.68** (3.61–127.2) | 0.7 (0.7–0.7) | 7.9** (0.7–15.47) | 0.7 (0.7–0.7) | |
|
| |||||||
| Chemokines | CXCL8 | 3,024 (747–10,976) | 469.3 (125.4–9,223) | 46,498 (37,590–59,898) | 34,844 (23,255–42,839) | 10,243** (6,315–14,499) | 279 (130.4–5,274) |
|
| |||||||
| CCL2 | 387.1 (71.98–8,063) | 62.24 (0.8–7,108) | 25,420 (22,919–27,856) | 26,531 (25,332–31,097) | 6238** (4,551–7,468) | 507.9 (157.4–6,689) | |
|
| |||||||
| CCL3 | 9.79** (1.85–4,289) | 1.85 (1.85–1.85) | 14,498 (5,442–21,740) | 11,374 (5,323–18,447) | 1,532** (34.98–4,485) | 17.41 (1.85–83.94) | |
|
| |||||||
| CCL4 | 12.83** (2.55–121.6) | 2.55 (2.55–2.55) | 168.5 (87.1–266.6) | 35.46 (2.55–262.5) | 58.94** (26.21–164.3) | 2.55 (2.55–18.05) | |
*
p <0.1;
**
p < 0.05;
CCL= Chemokine (C-C Motif) Ligand; CXCL= Chemokine (C-X-C Motif) Ligand; G-CSF=Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor; GM-CSF- Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor; IFN= interferon; IL=interleukin; T cell= T lymphocyte; TH= T helper; TLR= toll like receptor; TNF= tumor necrosis factor; Treg= regulatory T cell