Table 3. Year 4 induced cytokine production.
Comparison of cytokine production (pg/ml) from peripheral blood mononuclear cell culture after 48 hours of stimulation with either TLR-4 agonist, TLR-3 agonist or in media alone, in offspring at year 4 of non-human primates exposed to maternal immune activation (MIA) during gestation. Data presented as Median with interquartile range; * denotes p-values less than 0.1 and ** denotes p-value less than 0.05.
| Year 4 Induced Cytokines
|
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Media | TLR-4 | TLR-3 | |||||
| MIA offspring | Saline Offspring | MIA offspring | Saline Offspring | MIA offspring | Saline Offspring | ||
| Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | ||
| Innate | IL-1β | 125.7* (97.99–208.3) | 63.85 (24.57–138) | 1,916** (1,145–2,856) | 1,086 (992.4–1,523) | 690.6 (314.2–1,382) | 541.3 (302.8–874.4) |
|
| |||||||
| IL-6 | 1,053 (763.8–1,473) | 1,112 (479.9–1,345) | 5,200 (4,270–6,505) | 5,515 (4,693–6,117) | 3,467 (2,430–5,447) | 3,693 (2,802–6,518) | |
|
| |||||||
| IL-12p40 | 29.53 (22.17–38.98) | 22.17 (13.74–32.21) | 147.6 (88.51–164.1) | 98.18 (80.31–123.3) | 101.4 (60.22–144.6) | 58.51 (13.19–110.7) | |
|
| |||||||
| TNFα | 161.4 (83.18–201.7) | 108.8 (78.16–128) | 1,314 (999.9–2,174) | 1,540 (1,188–2,169) | 1,255 (697.5–1,913) | 1,413 (728.1–1,809) | |
|
| |||||||
| TCell | IL-2 | 7.89** (5.74–10.13) | 5.12 (3.26–8.57) | 50.36 (39.16–59.83) | 41.71 (34.32–53.05) | 33.56 (21.89–40.88) | 24.33 (14.91–35.64) |
|
| |||||||
| TH1 | IFNγ | 5.31 (2.06–12.79) | 2.64 (1.29–4.38) | 147.1* (134.9–183.5) | 134.9 (122.6–165.3) | 192.5 (128.5–299.8) | 159.2 (116.2–302.2) |
|
| |||||||
| TH2 | IL-4 | 22.64 (17.83–38.76) | 21.45 (12.23–27.92) | 176.9** (125–207.8) | 122.1 (98.22–154) | 142.4** (85.95–181.2) | 51.61 (38.51–61.18) |
|
| |||||||
| IL-5 | 1.02 (0.22–1.74) | 1.27 (0.36–1.27) | 5.08 (1.77–11.57) | 6.33 (1.08–6.93) | 3.83 (1.08–8.72) | 2.455 (1.08–3.83) | |
|
| |||||||
| IL-13 | 21.52 (18.81–29.92) | 20.12 (17.26–22.52) | 105.9 (84.96–109.3) | 82.8 (69.97–101.2) | 84.96** (65.92–98.74) | 60.58 (51.16–74.82) | |
|
| |||||||
| TH17 | IL-17 | 1.56 (1.36–2.47) | 1.48 (1.25–1.86) | 8.17** (7.11–9.88) | 5.84 (3.96–7.78) | 3.86 (3.05–8.36) | 3.05 (2.23–4.46) |
|
| |||||||
| TReg | IL-10 | 184.2* (116.2–306.4) | 95.33 (67.54–172.8) | 2,359 (1,514–2,714) | 1,871 (994.9–2,356) | 785 (383.3–933.4) | 591 (437.9–705.1) |
|
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| Growth Factors | G-CSF | 217.2** (101.5–490.4) | 82.5 (56.16–118.9) | 5,492** (921.3–7,129) | 269.5 (207.1–366.1) | 1,198** (248.3–1,392) | 176.8 (111.7–324.6) |
|
| |||||||
| GM-CSF | 5.31 (2.06–12.79) | 2.64 (1.293–4.375) | 54.69 (32.07–130.8) | 44.97 (31.29–73.2) | 19.11 (11–50.94) | 19.3 (12.15–45.3) | |
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| Chemokines | CXCL8 | 6,634** (3,701–10,233) | 1,764 (1,143–3,134) | 40,834 (18,878–62,749) | 25,855 (20,162–36,203) | 18,352 (11,489–21,108) | 8,696 (7,890–16,700) |
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| CCL2 | 1,497** (463.7–5,276) | 416.7 (164.4–775.5) | 19,253* (6,309–27,919) | 7,262 (5,259–9,319) | 10,051* (2,812–23,877) | 2,688 (1,920–6,144) | |
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| |||||||
| CCL3 | 232.4 (45.74–593.3) | 245.9 (54.64–444.6) | 3,257 (2,206–4,588) | 3,164 (2,438–3,747) | 1,469 (611.2–2,151) | 1,390 (1,106–3,111) | |
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| CCL4 | 96.12 (64.6–135.1) | 89.26 (61.76–113.5) | 337.2 (215.8–432.2) | 282 (211.8–483.6) | 296.8 (179.6–372.2) | 222.5 (133.1–355.6) | |
*
p <0.1;
**
p < 0.05;
CCL= Chemokine (C-C Motif) Ligand; CXCL= Chemokine (C-X-C Motif) Ligand; G-CSF=Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor; GM-CSF- Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor; IFN= interferon; IL=interleukin; T cell= T lymphocyte; TH= T helper; TLR= toll like receptor; TNF= tumor necrosis factor; Treg= regulatory T cell