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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Med Care. 2017 Jun;55(6):561–568. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000000718

Table 4.

Effect estimates at 52 weeks from linear mixed effect models on the eight outcomes.

Outcome Effect Effect Estimate 95% CI P-value
Correctly identified the results of their baseline DXA Model 1 Race Black vs. White −0.128 (−0.165, −0.091) <0.001
Model 2 Race Black vs. White −0.149 (−0.193, −0.105) <0.001
Model 3 Race Black vs. White −0.147 (−0.191, −0.103) <0.001
Intervention vs. Control 0.065 (0.034, 0.096) <0.001
Site KP vs. UAB 0.105 (0.068, 0.141) <0.001
Model 4 Race Black vs. White −0.147 (−0.191, −0.103) <0.001
Intervention vs. Control 0.069 (0.027, 0.11) 0.001
Site KP vs. UAB 0.109 (0.060, 0.158) <0.001
Site (KP) * Intervention −0.008 (−0.072, 0.055) 0.798
On guideline concordant pharmacotherapy Model 1 Race Black vs. White 0.138 (0.104, 0.173) <0.001
Model 2 Race Black vs. White −0.107 (−0.148, −0.066) <0.001
Model 3 Race Black vs. White −0.107 (−0.148, −0.066) <0.001
Intervention vs. Control 0.003 (−0.025, 0.031) 0.838
Site KP vs. UAB −0.006 (−0.038, 0.026) 0.729
Model 4 Race Black vs. White −0.107 (−0.148, −0.066) <0.001
Intervention vs. Control 0.004 (−0.032, 0.041) 0.818
Site KP vs. UAB −0.004 (−0.047, 0.039) 0.859
Site (KP) * Intervention −0.003 (−0.06, 0.054) 0.909
Osteoporosis related satisfaction Model 1 Race Black vs. White −0.183 (−0.263, −0.102) <0.001
Model 2 Race Black vs. White −0.085 (−0.184, 0.014) 0.094
Model 3 Race Black vs. White −0.079 (−0.177, 0.02) 0.117
Intervention vs. Control 0.2 (0.127, 0.274) <0.001
Site KP vs. UAB 0.046 (−0.043, 0.135) 0.309
Model 4 Race Black vs. White −0.078 (−0.177, 0.021) 0.121
Intervention vs. Control 0.177 (0.078, 0.276) <0.001
Site KP vs. UAB 0.019 (−0.099, 0.136) 0.756
Site (KP) * Intervention 0.053 (−0.095, 0.201) 0.485
Osteoporosis specific knowledge Model 1 Race Black vs. White −0.625 (−0.698, −0.553) <0.001
Model 2 Race Black vs. White −0.439 (−0.527, −0.35) <0.001
Model 3 Race Black vs. White −0.437 (−0.525, −0.348) <0.001
Intervention vs. Control 0.058 (−0.003, 0.12) 0.063
Site KP vs. UAB 0.012 (−0.058, 0.082) 0.741
Model 4 Race Black vs. White −0.436 (−0.525, −0.347) <0.001
Intervention vs. Control 0.029 (−0.05, 0.109) 0.470
Site KP vs. UAB −0.024 (−0.118, 0.071) 0.623
Site (KP) * Intervention 0.069 (−0.055, 0.192) 0.276
Osteoporosis self-efficacy exercise Model 1 Race Black vs. White 0.083 (0.006, 0.16) 0.036
Model 2 Race Black vs. White 0.214 (0.125, 0.304) <0.001
Model 3 Race Black vs. White 0.213 (0.124, 0.303) <0.001
Intervention vs. Control −0.028 (−0.09, 0.034) 0.38
Site KP vs. UAB 0.059 (−0.012, 0.13) 0.102
Model 4 Race Black vs. White 0.214 (0.124, 0.304) <0.001
Intervention vs. Control −0.061 (−0.142, 0.02) 0.142
Site KP vs. UAB 0.019 (−0.077, 0.115) 0.696
Site (KP) * Intervention 0.077 (−0.048, 0.203) 0.225
Osteoporosis self-efficacy diet Model 1 Race Black vs. White −0.01 (−0.086, 0.067) 0.806
Model 2 Race Black vs. White 0.091 (−0.003, 0.185) 0.057
Model 3 Race Black vs. White 0.090 (−0.004, 0.184) 0.06
Intervention vs. Control −0.031 (−0.097, 0.035) 0.364
Site KP vs. UAB 0.071 (−0.005, 0.146) 0.066
Model 4 Race Black vs. White 0.091 (−0.003, 0.185) 0.057
Intervention vs. Control −0.064 (−0.149, 0.022) 0.145
Site KP vs. UAB 0.032 (−0.069, 0.133) 0.538
Site (KP) * Intervention 0.076 (−0.056, 0.208) 0.258
Patient activation Model 1 Race Black vs. White −0.002 (−0.077, 0.073) 0.960
Model 2 Race Black vs. White 0.117 (0.023, 0.211) 0.014
Model 3 Race Black vs. White 0.117 (0.024, 0.211) 0.014
Intervention vs. Control 0.008 (−0.058, 0.075) 0.804
Site KP vs. UAB 0.002 (−0.074, 0.079) 0.950
Model 4 Race Black vs. White 0.118 (0.024, 0.211) 0.014
Intervention vs. Control −0.024 (−0.111, 0.063) 0.596
Site KP vs. UAB −0.036 (−0.139, 0.066) 0.487
Site (KP) * Intervention 0.074 (−0.059, 0.208) 0.274

Model 1 includes race only (Black vs. White)

Model 2 includes race and covariates measured at baseline

Model 3 includes race, intervention, plus covariates measured at baseline

Model 4 includes race, intervention, interaction between intervention and site (KP vs. UAB), plus covariates measured at baseline

Baseline covariates include, site (KP vs. UAB), age (continuous), education, comorbidity (COPD, depression and breast cancer), self-assessed health status (using self-reported health status, continuous), heath habits (current smoker, former smoker and drinker), bone health (history of DXA, history of fracture and history of osteoporosis treatment), health literacy (continuous), health numeracy (continuous), study DXA, fracture risk, gender of provider, physician, and provider specialty.