TABLE 3.
Baseline Characteristics of Nonsurvivors Stratified by Study Group—Vital Signs, Laboratory, and Coagulation Assays Collected Upon ED arrival
| Characteristic | CCA (N = 20)
|
TEG (N = 11)
|
P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median | IQR | Median | IQR | ||
| Demographic data | |||||
| Age, yrs | 40.3 | 32–57 | 56.8 | 38–63 | 0.172 |
| Male sex, no. (%) | 13 (65.0) | 9 (81.8) | 0.420 | ||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.5 | 24–34 | 29.5 | 22–36 | 0.837 |
| Time from injury to ED, min | 28.0 | 21–77 | 26.1 | 20–70 | 0.829 |
| Injury severity (anatomic) | |||||
| ISS | 37.5 | 33–45 | 47.5 | 22–59 | 0.314 |
| NISS | 45.5 | 39–57 | 54.5 | 29–66 | 0.354 |
| Blunt mechanism, no. (%) | 15 (75.0) | 9 (81.2) | 1.00 | ||
| Severe TBI (AIS head >2 and GCS <8), no. (%) | 5 (25.0) | 4 (36.4) | 0.687 | ||
| Injury severity (physiologic) (characteristics on ED arrival) | |||||
| ABC score | 2.0 | 1–3 | 2.0 | 1–3 | 1.00 |
| TASH score | 14.0 | 8–17 | 15.0 | 9–17 | 0.917 |
| GCS | 7.0 | 3–14 | 6.5 | 3–13 | 0.703 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 89.0 | 40–100 | 90.0 | 38–102 | 0.949 |
| HR, beats/min | 112.5 | 75–133 | 109.0 | 71–130 | 0.843 |
| Temperature, °C | 36.1 | 35.0–37.1 | 36.0 | 35.0–36.8 | 0.899 |
| pH | 7.19 | 6.9–7.3 | 7.11 | 6.9–7.2 | 0.419 |
| Base deficit, mEq/L | 17.5 | 9–20 | 15.0 | 8–19 | 0.323 |
| Lactate, mmol/L | 8.8 | 2–14 | 8.2 | 2–12 | 0.679 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 11.3 | 8–12 | 12.7 | 6–13 | 0.744 |
| Platelet count/mm3 | 200.5 | 120–240 | 144.0 | 117–157 | 0.099 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.2 | 0.9–1.4 | 1.3 | 1.0–1.5 | 0.662 |
| Calcium, mg/dL | 6.8 | 5.8–7.9 | 6.9 | 5.7–8.7 | 0.801 |
| Initial coagulation assessments (characteristics on ED arrival) | |||||
| TEG-ACT, s | 202.5 | 140–220 | 220.0 | 160–240 | 0.271 |
| TEG-angle, degrees | 49.0 | 30–59 | 44.0 | 30–53 | 0.784 |
| TEG-MA, mm | 47.1 | 31–49 | 41.7 | 26–47 | 0.596 |
| TEG-LY30, % of clot lysis | 4.1 | 2.9–7.7 | 4.5 | 2.8–12.8 | 0.794 |
| INR | 2.1 | 1.3–3.0 | 2.0 | 1.2–2.5 | 0.495 |
| PTT, s | 49.4 | 39–70 | 44.2 | 38–60 | 0.284 |
| Fibrinogen, g/dL | 84.5 | 69–147 | 94.7 | 75–151 | 0.951 |
| D-dimer, g/dL | 14.7 | 9–25 | 19.0 | 11–31 | 0.355 |
ABC score indicates assessment of blood consumption score; ACT, activated clotting time; BMI, body mass index (expressed in kg/m2); ED, emergency department; GCS, Glasgow coma scale; HR, heart rate; ISS, injury severity score; LY30, % clot lysis 30 minutes after reaching MA; MA, maximum amplitude; NISS, new injury severity score; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TASH score, trauma-associated severe hemorrhage score; TBI, traumatic brain injury; TEG, thrombelastography.