Table 1.
Cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of CREB1 genotypes on cognitive measures controlling for baseline age, sex, APOEπ4 status, and education.
| Cognitive functions | Cognitive measure | SNP and grouping (group size) | Estimate SNP main effect (Cohenβs d) | p-value SNP main effect | Estimate interaction SNPx interval (Cohenβs d) | p-value interaction SNPx interval |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Executive function and semantic memory | CLOCK-3:25 trans-formed | rs2253206 overall | 0.018β | 0.053 | ||
| GG (193) vs. AA (129) | 0.209 (0.50) | 0.015β | -0.006 (-0.88) | 0.569 | ||
| GG vs. GA (312) | -0.145 (-0.35) | 0.022β | 0.016 (0.36) | 0.016β | ||
| GA vs. AA | 0.064 (0.15) | 0.457 | 0.010 (1.47) | 0.334 | ||
| CLOCK-11:10 trans-formed | rs2253206 overall | 0.031β | 0.029β | |||
| GG vs. AA | 0.364 (0.36) | 0.013β | -0.008 (-0.23) | 0.529 | ||
| GG vs. GA | -0.182 (-0.18) | 0.089 | 0.025 (0.72) | 0.010β | ||
| GA vs AA | 0.182 (0.18) | 0.222 | 0.017 (0.49) | 0.147 | ||
| Category Fluency | rs2253206 | -0.146 (-0.05) | 0.583 | -0.050 (-0.35) | 0.025β | |
| GG/GA (N = 575) vs AA (150) | ||||||
| Semantic memory and language | BNT | rs10932201 overall | 0.226 | 0.004ββ | ||
| AA (138) vs. GG (180) | 0.191 (0.05) | 0.672 | -0.069 (-0.70) | 0.013β | ||
| AA vs. GA (303) | -0.353 (-0.10) | 0.322 | 0.003 (0.03) | 0.894 | ||
| GA vs. GG | 0.544 (0.15) | 0.096 | -0.072 (-0.70) | 0.002ββ | ||
| rs10932201 | 0.434 (0.12) | 0.158 | -0.071 (-0.70) | 0.001ββ | ||
| AA/GA vs. GG | ||||||
| rs2253206 | 0.172 (0.05) | 0.346 | -0.054 (-0.50) | 0.039β | ||
| GG/GA (494) vs. AA (127) | ||||||
| Episodic memory | CVLT-immediate free recall | rs6785 | -1.512 (-0.16) | 0.021β | 0.003 (-0.01) | 0.960 |
| AA/GA (265) vs. GG (468) | ||||||
| CVLT-long-delay free recall | rs6785 | -0.384 (-0.15) | 0.045β | -0.004 (-0.03) | 0.809 | |
| AA/GA vs. GG | ||||||
| CVLT-recognition discriminability | rs6785 overall | 0.038β | 0.872 | |||
| AA (32) vs. GG (468) | 0.020 (0.05) | 0.825 | -0.004 (-0.21) | 0.601 | ||
| AA vs. GA (233) | 0.116 (0.26) | 0.206 | -0.004 (-0.21) | 0.624 | ||
| GA vs. GG | -0.961 (-0.22) | 0.013β | -0.000 (-0.01) | 0.967 | ||
| rs6785 | -0.082 (-0.18) | 0.026β | -0.006 (-0.32) | 0.862 | ||
| AA/GA vs. GG | ||||||
| CVLT-recognition response bias | rs6785 overall | 0.021β | 0.182 | |||
| AA vs. GG | 0.013 (0.08) | 0.743 | -0.003 (-0.30) | 0.480 | ||
| AA vs. GA | -0.034 (-0.22) | 0.393 | 0.000 (0.02) | 0.967 | ||
| GA vs. GG | 0.047 (0.30) | 0.005ββ | -0.003 (-0.30) | 0.074 | ||
| rs6785 | 0.042 (0.27) | 0.008ββ | -0.003 (-0.30) | 0.064 | ||
| AA/GA vs. GG |
The reference genotype group is underlined. Significant effects are shown in bold with β indicating significance at p = 0.05 and ββ at p = 0.01.