Table 2.
Percentage, and mean of residents’ perspective toward ethical conflicts
| Items | Strongly agree | Agree | Moderate | Disagree | Strongly disagree | Mean ± SD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lack of a formal and written process to withdraw life-saving treatments of seriously ill child toward the end of life |
24 | 22 | 20 | 18 | 16 | 4.38 ± 0.80 |
| Lack of provision of adequate information to attain informed consent |
20 | 22 | 20 | 20 | 18 | 4.12 ± 1.10 |
| Absence of a written procedure for DNR orders for children |
20 | 33 | 22 | 13 | 12 | 3.98 ± 0.95 |
| Lack of maintenance of respect and dignity of sick children and their family |
20 | 31 | 22 | 12 | 15 | 3.96 ± 0.84 |
| Violation of child’s privacy | 18 | 30 | 24 | 16 | 12 | 3.92 ± 0.78 |
| Violation of children’s rights as an educational subject |
20 | 29 | 21 | 19 | 11 | 3.88 ± 1.20 |
| Inappropriate method of conveying bad news to a sick child or parents |
19 | 30 | 22 | 12 | 17 | 3.86 ± 0.62 |
| Inappropriate professional behavior in communication between physicians and other health-care team members |
20 | 28 | 23 | 16 | 13 | 3.84 ± 1.10 |
| Conflict between hospital rules and professional ethics (code of ethics) |
22 | 27 | 21 | 18 | 12 | 3.78 ± 0.68 |
| Lack of respect for cultural and religious beliefs of sick children and their families |
21 | 28 | 24 | 16 | 11 | 3.76 ± 0.46 |
| Lack of pain control for the child | 21 | 27 | 22 | 17 | 13 | 3.64 ± 0.82 |
| Violation of rights of children as research subjects |
22 | 24 | 26 | 11 | 17 | 3.61 ± 0.84 |
| Inappropriate attitude toward decision-making conflicts between the sick child and his/her family |
19 | 22 | 30 | 17 | 12 | 3.52 ± 0.68 |
| Failure to establish the minimum physical requirements for continued mother-child intimacy |
22 | 27 | 24 | 16 | 11 | 3.48 ± 0.72 |
| Poor decision-making regarding colleagues’ misconduct |
20 | 22 | 24 | 16 | 18 | 3.36 ± 0.44 |
| Failure to establish parents’ right of staying with their sick child |
18 | 21 | 29 | 20 | 12 | 3.23 ± 1.10 |
| Inappropriate attitude toward sick child/family’s inappropriate request for futile treatment |
18 | 22 | 30 | 17 | 13 | 3.18 ± 0.78 |
| Inappropriate attitude toward or refusal of treatment by the sick child or his/her legal guardian |
12 | 12 | 33 | 24 | 19 | 2.68 ± 0.66 |
| Lack of suitable management of one’s medical error or that of colleagues |
15 | 11 | 31 | 22 | 21 | 2.65 ± 0.76 |
| Lack of appropriate action in cases of child abuse |
12 | 11 | 30 | 27 | 20 | 2.62 ± 0.44 |
| Implementation of physical limitations for sick children |
11 | 16 | 28 | 24 | 21 | 2.56 ± 0.28 |
| Inappropriate attitude toward the family’s misconduct toward their children |
20 | 11 | 28 | 22 | 19 | 2.54 ± 0.38 |
| Lack of a formal and written procedure for selection of ill children for allocation of limited resources |
13 | 20 | 28 | 22 | 17 | 2.54 ± 0.42 |
| Lack of integration of caring for sick children between different hospital units |
13 | 15 | 29 | 21 | 22 | 2.52 ± 0.28 |
| Breach of confidentiality of the child or parents |
9 | 22 | 27 | 22 | 20 | 2.48 ± 0.66 |
| Discrimination between sick children in terms of provision of services |
13 | 18 | 27 | 18 | 20 | 2.46 ± 0.68 |
| Euthanasia | 13 | 18 | 27 | 20 | 22 | 2.46 ± 0.48 |
| Lack of access of sick children and their families to an efficient system for handling complaints |
11 | 15 | 24 | 30 | 20 | 2.42 ± 0.36 |
| Intervention in areas lacking competency |
11 | 17 | 27 | 24 | 21 | 2.36 ± 0.72 |
| Lack of supervision over the safety of invasive procedures for patients |
6 | 18 | 28 | 28 | 20 | 2.28 ± 0.48 |
| Unnecessary referrals and measures for more financial benefits and personal gains |
9 | 19 | 23 | 28 | 21 | 2.24 ± 0.38 |
| Inappropriate appearance and clothing of medical staff |
9 | 17 | 23 | 29 | 22 | 2.18 ± 0.46 |
A P value < 0.05 was considered significant.
DNR: do not resuscitate, SD: standard deviation