Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the patients
| FS1 | FS2 | FS3 | FS1 vs FS2 | FS1 vs FS3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 7714 | 1728 | 196 | ||
| Domicile | |||||
| Home | 7644 | 932 | 87 | ||
| Assisted living | 31 | 116 | 9 | ||
| Rehabilitation/SNF | 38 | 688 | 100 | ||
| Age | 64 (49–77) | 80 (70–86) | 75 (56–86) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Charlson | 1 (0–2) | 2 (1–4) | 2 (1–3) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Diagnostic category (%) | |||||
| Medical | 56.2 | 78.4 | 89.8 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Surgical | 31.2 | 16.0 | 9.2 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Trauma | 12.6 | 5.6 | 1.0 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 19.7 | 29.3 | 22.2 | <0.0001 | 0.4371 |
| APACHE II comorbidities (%) | |||||
| Pulmonary | 5.4 | 17.1 | 31.6 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Cardiac | 7.1 | 22.2 | 13.3 | <0.0001 | 0.0015 |
| End-stage renal disease | 2.6 | 8.7 | 2.0 | <0.0001 | 0.7681 |
| Portal hypertension | 2.3 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 0.6973 | 0.6180 |
| Metastatic cancer | 6.5 | 9.3 | 3.6 | 0.0051 | 0.1369 |
| APACHE II score | 12 (8–18) | 20 (15–26) | 22 (18–28) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| APACHE IV score | 44 (31–63) | 69 (54–90) | 75 (56–94) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| APIV PM (%) | 14.8 (22.2) | 32.0 (27.4) | 32.8 (24.7) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Ventilation (%) | 30.5 | 43.8 | 59.2 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| ICU LOS | 1.4 (0.8–2.8) | 1.9 (1.0–4.4) | 2.5 (1.2–6.6) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Mortality (%) | 9.9 | 29.7 | 29.6 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| OE MR | 0.67 | 0.93 | 0.90 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
FS functional status, FS1 independent in performing activities of daily living (ADL), FS2 partly dependent in performing ADL, FS3 fully dependent in performing ADL, SNF skilled nursing facility, APIV PM Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV (APACHE IV) predicted mortality, LOS length of stay, OE MR observed-expected mortality ratio (using hospital discharge status and APIV PM)