Fig. 2. Influence of 9a, 9b, and 9c′ on B. subtilis membrane depolarization, membrane permeabilization, and cell wall integrity. (A) GFP-MinD localization after antibiotic treatment. Disruption of the septal and polar localization of MinD is indicative of membrane depolarization. (B) Light microscopy images of the cells shown above. (C) Antibiotic-treated cells stained with BacLight. The green dye is able to enter intact bacterial cells. The red dye can only cross the bacterial membrane through membrane pores. In a fluorescence overlay red or orange cells are indicative of pore formation. (D) Antibiotic-stressed cells fixed with acetic acid and methanol. Inhibition of the cell wall biosynthesis leads to holes in the cell wall resulting in membrane excrescences after fixation with acetic acid/methanol.
