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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Neurochem. 2016 Sep;138(5):653–693. doi: 10.1111/jnc.13667

Figure 6. Microglia in LTP.

Figure 6

Several factors stimulate microglia to adopt an inflammatory phenotype and, in most cases, inflammasome activation and the consequent production and release of IL-1β. IL-1β interacts with IL-1R1 activating signalling molecules like JNK and NFκB that exert an inhibitory effect on LTP. In addition, the age-related increase in IL-1RAcP at synapses results in an exaggerated effect locally that can also depress LTP. In age, neurons have been shown to release DAMPs that can feed back to enhance microglial activation, contributing to a damaging cycle of events.