Table 4.

Performance by group at baseline and study end.

Measure	Baseline visit			Follow-up visit
	Active (n = 11)	Control (n = 9)	vs.	Active (n = 11)	Control (n = 9)	vs.
	mean ± SD	mean ± SD	p	mean ± SD	mean ± SD	p
WAIS-IVa letter-numbering sequencing*	−0.40 (±0.70)	0.09 (±0.80)	0.18	−0.04 (±0.73)	−0.04 (±0.72)	0.99
Visual span (Corsi blocks)b*	−0.65 (±1.00)	−0.48 (±1.25)	0.75	−0.26 (±0.68)	−0.52 (±0.67)	0.41
PASAT 2 second trialsc	−0.68 (±1.21)	−0.93 (±1.27)	0.66	−0.28 (±1.05)	−0.48 (±1.17)	0.69
PASAT 3 second trials	−0.52 (±1.61)	−0.89 (±1.30)	0.58	0.24 (±0.99)	−0.32 (±0.88)	0.20
DKEFSd trail 5†	0.70 (±0.43)	0.52 (±0.38)	0.34	0.64 (±0.43)	0.63 (±0.26)	0.97
DKEFS trails 2/3 combo	0.25 (±0.72)	−0.20 (±1.18)	0.34	0.27 (±0.77)	0.00 (±1.08)	0.54
SRT learning trialse*	−0.30 (±1.23)	−0.15 (±1.66)	0.82	0.13 (±1.45)	−0.24 (±0.86)	0.49
SRT delay	0.51 (±1.17)	0.67 (±1.01)	0.75	0.59 (±1.39)	0.30 (±1.16)	0.62
BVMT-R learning trialsf*	−0.80 (±1.36)	0.06 (±1.37)	0.18	−0.15 (±1.64)	−0.25 (±1.56)	0.89
BVMT-R delay	−0.94 (±1.71)	0.16 (±0.93)	0.09	−0.17 (±1.69)	−0.33 (±1.46)	0.82
Nine-hole pegs dominant handg†	−1.96 (±1.88)	−2.18 (±1.31)	0.77	−1.46 (±1.70)	−2.76 (±1.34)	0.07
Nine-hole pegs non-dominant hand†	−1.91 (±1.78)	−2.53 (±1.78)	0.45	−1.56 (±1.55)	−3.20 (±2.34)	0.09
Timed 25-foot walkh†	−2.46 (±1.77)	−4.10 (±1.95)	0.07	−2.19 (±1.35)	−5.54 (±3.42)	0.01

^aWAIS-IV: Wechsler adult intelligence scale, fourth edition.³⁰

^bCorsi block tapping task.³³

^cPASAT: paced auditory serial addition test.²⁹

^dDKEFS: Delis–Kaplan executive function system.²⁰

^eSRT: selective reminding test.³¹

^fBVMT-R: brief visuospatial memory test, revised.³²

^gNine-hole peg test.¹⁸

^hTimed 25-foot walk.¹⁹

^*Tests make up the general cognitive composite.

^†Tests make up the motor domain composite.