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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Metab Eng. 2016 Oct 19;38:446–463. doi: 10.1016/j.ymben.2016.10.009

Figure 1. Reactions of the 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate carbon fixation cycle.

Figure 1

Reactions are color-coded by rate law. Enzyme abbreviations: ACC, acetyl-CoA/propionyl-CoA carboxylase; MCR, malonyl-CoA/succinyl-CoA reductase; MSR, malonic semialdehyde reductase; HPCS, 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA synthetase; HBCS, 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA synthetase; HPCD, 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA dehydratase; ACR, acryloyl-CoA reductase; MCE, methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase; MCM, methylmalonyl-CoA mutase; SSR, succinic semialdehyde reductase; HBCD, 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase; CCH/HBCD, bifunctional crotonoyl-CoA hydratase/(S)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase; AACT, acetoacetyl-CoA β-ketothiolase; SSADH, succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase; IPPASE, inorganic pyrophosphatase; BM1, biomass production reaction #1; BM2, biomass production reaction #2. For a full list of rate law equations, see Supplementary Table S2.