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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Metab Eng. 2016 Oct 19;38:446ā€“463. doi: 10.1016/j.ymben.2016.10.009

Figure 8. Thermodynamic landscape and kinetic utilization of 3HP/4HB cycle enzymes.

Figure 8

(A) āˆ’Ī”Gā€™, the Gibbs energy of reaction at steady-state metabolite concentrations and pH 5.4, represents the thermodynamic driving force of each reaction. The dotted line represents a driving force of 10 kJ/mol, above which the forward reaction accounts for >99% of the total enzyme reaction rate. (B) The ratio of actual reaction rate to maximum reaction rate for the enzyme (r/Vmax), representing the kinetic utilization of each enzyme.