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Role of integrins in tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. The tumor microenvironment activates or upregulates expression of integrins such as α1β1, α2β1, α4β1, α5β1 and αvβ3 on blood vessels and α1β1, α2β1, α4β1 and α9β1 on lymphatic vessels. Then, these integrins promote endothelial and lymphatic cells migration and survival during invasion of tumor tissue. Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis promote metastasis to local and distant organ such as lung.
