Table 2. Odds ratios for PSA testing as part of routine care in the United States.
| Odds Ratiosa (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|
| N = 1,737 | Unadjusted | Fully Adjustedb |
| Provider ever recommended PSA test | ||
| No | 0.03 (0.02–0.05) | |
| Yes | 1.00 | |
| Has a Personal Doctor | ||
| No | 0.12 (0.04–0.32) | |
| Yes (one or more than one) | 1.00 | |
| Patterns of Patient-Provider Discussions | ||
| No Discussion of Advantages or Disadvantages | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Discussion of Disadvantages | 2.82 (0.80–9.91) | 0.59 (0.15–2.31) |
| Discussion of Advantages | 25.46 (14.46–44.81) | 5.35 (2.76–10.38) |
| Discussion of Advantages and Disadvantages | 36.50 (21.33–62.47) | 6.04 (3.13–11.64) |
| Age | 1.15 (1.08–1.23) | |
| Race | ||
| Black | 1.00 (0.36–2.73) | |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 0.29 (0.16–0.52) | |
| Hispanic | 1.16 (0.39–3.48) | |
| White | 1.00 | |
| Education | ||
| Less than High School | 2.86 (0.78–10.49) | |
| High School | 0.38 (0.17–0.86) | |
| Some College / Technical School | 0.86 (0.43–1.72) | |
| College / Technical School or more | 1.00 | |
| Income | ||
| < $25K | 0.49 (0.21–1.13) | |
| $25K to < $50K | 0.87 (0.40–1.91) | |
| $50K to < $75K | 1.10 (0.42–2.91) | |
| ≥ $75K | 1.00 | |
| Self-rated health | ||
| Fair or Poor | 0.50 (0.15–1.71) | |
| Good | 1.12 (0.46–2.73) | |
| Very Good | 1.22 (0.56–2.65) | |
| Excellent | 1.00 | |
| Cancer Diagnosis | ||
| Yes | 1.61 (0.66–3.91) | |
| No | 1.00 | |
| Diabetes | ||
| Yes | 0.87 (0.43–1.77) | |
| No | 1.00 | |
| Asthmac | ||
| Yes | 1.94 (0.97–3.89) | |
| No | 1.00 | |
| Cerebrovascular Disease | ||
| Yes | 1.19 (0.58–2.44) | |
| No | 1.00 | |
| dInsurance Status | ||
| No | 0.45 (0.16–1.29) | |
| Yes | 1.00 | |
| Delayed Care due to cost | ||
| Yes | 0.83 (0.37–1.85) | |
| No | 1.00 | |
Source. Data from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2013 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey. Analysis performed among the N = 1,737 participants with complete data on all covariates. Notes.
aMultivariable logistic regression models weighted with rlogist function in SUDAAN.
bModel adjusted for age, race/ethnicity education, income, self-rated health, cancer diagnosis, diabetes, asthma, cerebrovascular disease, insurance status, and delayed care due to cost.
cYes, includes present or former asthma status.
dInsurance status is a point estimate and does not indicate whether the respondent was continually insured.