Table 1.
Circulating miRNAs as noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers in gastrointestinal cancers
| miRNA | Source | Sample size | Diagnostic value (%) | Normalizer | Year | Reference | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||
| Cases | Controls | AUC | Sensitivity | Specificity | |||||
|
Colorectal cancer
| |||||||||
| Single marker | |||||||||
| miR-17-3p | Plasma | 90 | 50 | 0.72 | 64 | 70 | U6 | 2009 | (59) |
| miR-92 | Plasma | 90 | 50 | 0.89 | 89 | 70 | U6 | 2009 | (59) |
| miR-21 | Serum | 186 | 53 | 0.93 | 83 | 91 | cel-miR-39 | 2013 | (26) |
| miR-23a | Exosome | 88 | 11 | 0.95 | NA | NA | miR-451 | 2014 | (24) |
| miR-378 | Plasma | 29 | 29 | 0.95 | NA | NA | miR-16 | 2014 | (25) |
| miR-1246 | Exosome | 88 | 11 | 0.95 | NA | NA | miR-451 | 2014 | (24) |
| Panel | |||||||||
| miR-431, 139-3p | Plasma | 45 CRC | 26 | 0.83 | 91 | 57 | U6 | 2013 | (60) |
| miR-532-3p, 331, 195, 17, 142-3p, 15b, 532, 652 | Plasma | 16 Ad | 26 | 0.87 | 88 | 64 | U6 | 2013 | (60) |
| miR-19a-3p, 223-3p, 92a-3p, 422a | Serum | 117 CRC | 102 | 0.95 | 84 | 92 | U6 | 2014 | (27) |
| miR-19a-3p, 223-3p, 92a-3p, 422a | Serum | 73 Ad | 102 | 0.77 | NA | NA | U6 | 2014 | (27) |
| miR -21, 31, 92a, 181b, 203, let-7g | Serum | 83 | 59 | 0.92 | 96 | 88 | miR-16 | 2014 | (61) |
| miR-21, 29a, 125b | Serum | 160 Ad | 77 | 0.83 | NA | NA | cel-miR-39 | 2015 | (28) |
|
Esophageal cancer | |||||||||
| Single marker | |||||||||
| miR-18a | Plasma | 106 | 54 | 0.94 | 87 | 100 | mirVana miRNA RP | 2013 | (31) |
| miR-1246 | Serum | 101 | 46 | 0.75 | 71 | 74 | miR-16 | 2013 | (62) |
| miR-25 | Plasma | 20 | 50 | 0.86 | 85 | 86 | U6 | 2014 | (32) |
| Panel | |||||||||
| miR-10a, 22, 100, 148b, 223, 133a, 127-3p | Serum | 149 | 100 | 0.93 | 79 | 96 | Serum volume | 2010 | (33) |
| miR-21/375 (ratio) | Plasma | 50 | 20 | 0.82 | 88 | 70 | mirVana miRNA RP | 2011 | (63) |
| miR-25, 100, 193-3p, 194, 223, 337-5p, 483-5p | Serum | 63 | 63 | 0.83 | 81 | 81 | let-7d/g/i | 2014 | (64) |
|
Gastric cancer | |||||||||
| Single marker | |||||||||
| miR-16 | Serum | 50 | 47 | 0.90 | 79 | 78 | U6 | 2014 | (65) |
| miR-18a | Plasma | 82 | 65 | 0.91 | 81 | 85 | mirVana miRNA RP | 2014 | (34) |
| miR-222 | Plasma | 114 | 56 | 0.85 | 66 | 88 | U6 | 2014 | (66) |
| miR-21 | Serum | 50 | 50 | 0.91 | 88 | 80 | U6 | 2015 | (35) |
| Panel | |||||||||
| miR-106a/let-7a ratio | Plasma | 69 | 30 | 0.88 | 86 | 80 | U6 | 2010 | (67) |
| miR-120a, 27a, 34, 423-5p | Serum | 142 | 105 | 0.88 | 80 | 81 | miR-16 | 2011 | (36) |
| miR-223, 21, 218 | Plasma | 70 | 70 | 0.95 | 84 | 93 | cel-miR-39 | 2012 | (68) |
|
Hepatocellular carcinoma | |||||||||
| Single marker | |||||||||
| miR-21 | Serum | 101 | 89 | 0.87 | 84 | 74 | miR-181a, 181c | 2011 | (69) |
| miR-122 | Serum | 101 | 89 | 0.79 | 71 | 69 | miR-181a, 181c | 2011 | (69) |
| miR-223 | Serum | 101 | 89 | 0.86 | 80 | 77 | miR-181a, 181c | 2011 | (69) |
| miR-18a | Serum | 86 | 45 | 0.88 | 86 | 75 | U6 | 2012 | (70) |
| Panel | |||||||||
| miR-122, 192, 21, 223, 26a, 27a, 801 | Plasma | 196 | 66 | 0.94 | 83 | 94 | miR-1228 | 2011 | (37) |
| miR-375, 25, let-7f | Serum | 55 | 100 | 0.99 | 98 | 99 | plant miR-168 | 2011 | (71) |
| miR-23b, 423, 375, 23a, 342-3p | Serum | 55 | 100 | 0.99 | 97 | 99 | plant miR-168 | 2011 | (71) |
| miR-29a, 29c, 133a, 143, 145, 192, 505 | Serum | 229 | 108 | 0.82 | 75 | 89 | cel-miR-67 | 2015 | (38) |
|
Pancreatic cancer | |||||||||
| Single marker | |||||||||
| miR-200a | Serum | 45 | 32 | 0.86 | 84 | 88 | miR-16 | 2010 | (72) |
| miR-200b | Serum | 45 | 32 | 0.85 | 71 | 97 | miR-16 | 2010 | (72) |
| miR-27a-3p | Whole blood | 129 | 60 | 0.86 | 82 | 79 | U6 | 2013 | (73) |
| miR-1290 | Serum | 41 | 19 | 0.96 | 88 | 84 | miR-16 | 2013 | (42) |
| Panel | |||||||||
| miR-16, 196a (with CA19-9) | Plasma | 140 | 68 | 0.98 | 92 | 96 | cel-miR-39 | 2012 | (74) |
| miR-20a, 21, 24, 25, 99a, 185, 191 | Serum | 95 | 81 | 0.99 | 94 | 93 | Serum volume | 2012 | (43) |
| miR-145, 150, 223, 636 | Whole blood | 86 | 44 | 0.83 | 85 | 48 | ath-miR159a | 2014 | (75) |
| miR-26b, 34a, 122, 126*, 145, 150, 223, 505, 636, 885-5p | Whole blood | 86 | 44 | 0.82 | 85 | 55 | ath-miR159a | 2014 | (75) |
|
Biliary cancer | |||||||||
| Single marker | |||||||||
| miR-21 | Plasma | 94 | 50 | 0.93 | 85 | 100 | miR-16 | 2013 | (40) |
| miR-126 | Serum | 31 | 40 | 0.87 | 68 | 93 | cel-miR-39 | 2015 | (76) |
| miR-1281 | Serum | 31 | 40 | 0.83 | 55 | 90 | cel-miR-39 | 2015 | (76) |
| Panel | |||||||||
| miR-6075, 4294, 6880-5p, 6799-5p, 125a-3p, 4530, 6836-3p, 4476 | Serum | 98 | 150 | 0.95 | 80 | 98 | microarray-based normalization | 2015 | (77) |
NA, not available; Ad, adenoma; CRC, colorectal cancer; mirVana miRNA RP, Thermo Fisher Scientific mirVana™ miRNA reference panel