Table 2.

Early Echocardiographic Findings in Mild and Moderate-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury^a

Cardiac Functional Parameters	Mild TBI (n=32)	Moderate-Severe TBI (n=32)	p
Systolic Functionb,c
Left Ventricle Area End-Diastole (cm2)	16.15 (3.68)	18.60 (4.88)	0.04
Left Ventricle Area End-Systole (cm2)	6.99 (1.93)	8.90 (3.39)	0.01
Fractional Area Change (cm2)	0.57 (0.06)	0.53 (0.11)	0.10
Left Ventricle Internal Diameter End-Diastole (cm)	4.55 (0.45)	4.64 (0.61)	0.47
Left Ventricle Internal Diameter End-Systole (cm)	3.02 (0.43)	3.28 (0.60)	0.05
Fractional Shortening	0.34 (0.06)	0.30 (0.07)	0.01
Mitral Annular Septal Tissue Velocity [S′(s) (cm/s)]	8.21 (1.92)	9.49 (2.36)	0.05
Mitral Annular Septal Tissue Velocity [S′(s)] < 6 cm/s	3 (9%)	2 (6%)	0.42
Systolic Dysfunction (Fractional Shortening < 0.25)	0 (0%)	7 (22%)	<0.01
Diastolic Functiond,e
Mitral Inflow Peak Early Filling [E wave (cm/s)]	69.65 (12.53)	67.44 (19.64)	0.62
Mitral Inflow Peak Late Filling [A wave (cm/s)]	52.01 (14.08)	46.52 (12.83)	0.17
E-wave to A-wave Ratio	1.43 (0.42)	1.55 (0.57)	0.41
E-wave to A-wave Ratio < 1	4 (13%)	5 (16%)	0.47
E-wave to A-wave Ratio > 2	3 (9%)	5 (16%)	0.33
Mitral Inflow E-wave Deceleration Time (msec)	162.59 (39.18)	122.5 (43.51)	<0.01
Mitral Annular Septal Tissue Velocity [e′(s) (cm/s)]	10.28 (2.46)	9.46 (2.74)	0.28
E-wave to e′(s) Ratio	7.05 (1.85)	7.33 (2.01)	0.62
E-wave to e′(s) Ratio > 8	6 (19%)	11 (34%)	0.22
Mitral Annular Septal Tissue Velocity [e′(s)] < 8 cm/s	5 (16%)	9 (28%)	0.31

^aValues are mean(SD) for continuous variables and n(%) for categorical variables

^bSystolic area, diastolic area, and fractional area change from data available in 28 subjects mild TBI and 26 with moderate-severe TBI

^cMitral annular tissue Doppler velocities from data available in 21 subjects with mild TBI and 26 with moderate-severe TBI