Table 2.
Associations between race and mortality among older ICU survivors
| Race/Ethnicity | White | Black | Hispanic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Mortality | |||
|
| |||
| Number of patients | 1,107 | 361 | 470 |
| Median follow-up time, years (IQR) | 1.4 (0.34–2.8) | 1.6 (0.28–3.0) | 1.8 (0.55–3.3) |
| Number of decedents | 581 | 184 | 227 |
| Person-Years | 1931 | 637 | 956 |
| Mortality rate, per 100 person-years (95% CI) | 30.1 (27.7–32.6) | 28.7 (25.0–33.4) | 23.7 (20.8–27.0) |
| Unadjusted | 1 | 0.98 (0.83–1.15) | 0.84 (0.72–0.87) |
| Model 1: HR for death (95% CI) | 1 | 1.04 (0.87–1.24) | 0.92 (0.78–1.09) |
| Model 2: HR for death (95% CI) | 1 | 1.06 (0.89–1.26) | 0.95 (0.81–1.13) |
| Model 3: HR for death (95% CI) | 1 | 0.99 (0.83–1.18) | 1.02 (0.87–1.21) |
| Model 4: HR for death (95% CI) | 1 | 0.98 (0.81–1.19) | 1.02 (0.85–1.22) |
| Model 5: HR for death (95% CI) | 1 | 0.92 (0.76–1.11) | 0.92 (0.76–1.12) |
|
| |||
| Mortality Censored at 1 Year | |||
|
| |||
| Median follow-up time, years (IQR) | 1.0 (0.34–1.0) | 1.0 (0.28–1.0) | 1.0 (0.55–1.0) |
| Number of decedents | 407 | 133 | 157 |
| Person-Years | 816 | 261 | 370 |
| Mortality rate, per 100 person-years (95% CI) | 49.8 (45.2–54.9) | 51.0 (43.0–60.4) | 42.4 (36.3–49.6) |
| Unadjusted | 1 | 1.02 (0.85–1.25) | 0.87 (0.72–1.04) |
| Model 1: HR for death (95% CI) | 1 | 1.10 (0.90–1.36) | 0.95 (0.78–1.16) |
| Model 2: HR for death (95% CI) | 1 | 1.13 (0.92–1.39) | 0.99 (0.81–1.21) |
| Model 3: HR for death (95% CI) | 1 | 1.04 (0.84–1.28) | 1.06 (0.87–1.30) |
| Model 4: HR for death (95% CI) | 1 | 1.04 (0.84–1.30) | 1.07 (0.86–1.32) |
| Model 5: HR for death (95% CI) | 1 | 0.99 (0.79–1.24) | 1.00 (0.79–1.24) |
|
| |||
| Mortality Conditioning on 1-Year Survival | |||
|
| |||
| Number of Patients | 700 | 228 | 322 |
| Median follow-up time, years (IQR) | 1.4 (0.54–2.5) | 1.5 (0.76–2.4) | 1.7 (0.82–2.9) |
| Number of decedents | 174 | 51 | 70 |
| Person-Years | 1115 | 378 | 587 |
| Mortality rate, per 100 person-years (95% CI) | 15.6 (13.5–18.1) | 13.5 (10.3–17.8) | 11.9 (9.4–15.1) |
| Unadjusted | 1 | 0.86 (0.63–1.18) | 0.78 (0.59–1.03) |
| Model 1: HR for death (95% CI) | 1 | 0.90 (0.65–1.25) | 0.86 (0.64–1.17) |
| Model 2: HR for death (95% CI) | 1 | 0.91 (0.66–1.28) | 0.87 (0.64–1.19) |
| Model 3: HR for death (95% CI) | 1 | 0.87 (0.62–1.21) | 0.93 (0.68–1.28) |
| Model 4: HR for death (95% CI) | 1 | 0.85 (0.60–1.22) | 0.92 (0.66–1.28) |
| Model 5: HR for death (95% CI) | 1 | 0.77 (0.54–1.11) | 0.78 (0.55–1.11) |
IQR: Interquartile range; HR: Hazard Ratio; 95% CI: 95% Confidence Interval
Model 1: age, gender, discharge year, strata for hospital.
Model 2: Model 1 + primary discharge diagnosis of sepsis, acute stroke, hematologic malignancy, solid malignancy, mechanical ventilation use and duration, hospital length of stay.
Model 3: Model 2 + Charlson comorbidity index score, Do-Not-Resuscitate order, additional strata for admission from or discharge to skilled-care facility.
Model 4: Model 3 + neighborhood median household income.
Model 5: Model 4 + type of insurance coverage.