Table 4.
Measurement data (mean ± SD) taken from dugong skulls (cranium and mandible) and scapulas, by sex.
| Cranium | Mandible | Scapula | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acronym | Male | Female | p-value | Acronym | Male | Female | p-value | Acronym | Male | Female | p-value |
| BBC | 6.30 ± 0.82 | 6.55 ± 0.59 | 0.28 | BL | 14.78 ± 1.59 | 14.69 ± 2.13 | 0.88 | SL* | 21.82 ± 4.19 | 23.58 ± 3.14 | 0.07 |
| BW | 16.28 ± 1.00 | 16.33 ± 0.95 | 0.91 | BML* | 20.73 ± 2.09 | 20.81 ± 2.71 | 0.91 | SW* | 10.94 ± 1.94 | 11.97 ± 1.84 | 0.02 |
| CaPMH* | 6.91 ± 1.75 | 6.86 ± 0.77 | 0.42 | BMW | 6.42 ± 0.73 | 6.34 ± 1.01 | 0.78 | SN* | 3.60 ± 0.61 | 3.91 ± 0.60 | 0.06 |
| CBL | 32.42 ± 2.75 | 32.89 ± 3.88 | 0.68 | CH | 13.94 ± 1.47 | 14.01 ± 2.00 | 0.91 | SNW* | 10.34 ± 1.70 | 11.29 ± 1.20 | 0.01 |
| CRL | 15.40 ± 1.55 | 16.03 ± 2.41 | 0.33 | CL | 1.85 ± 0.21 | 1.81 ± 0.32 | 0.67 | CaSBW* | 6.55 ± 3.17 | 6.73 ± 1.44 | 0.27 |
| CrPMH | 4.78 ± 0.77 | 4.61 ± 0.66 | 0.46 | CW* | 1.83 ± 0.30 | 1.97 ± 0.42 | 0.52 | SGH* | 2.93 ± 1.06 | 3.04 ± 0.79 | 0.77 |
| CrNL* | 1.77 ± 0.57 | 1.86 ± 0.51 | 0.55 | DPL | 8.23 ± 1.09 | 8.38 ± 1.53 | 0.72 | GCL* | 4.03 ± 1.11 | 4.02 ± 0.67 | 0.58 |
| CRW | 19.12 ± 2.11 | 19.22 ± 2.33 | 0.88 | MA1#,* | 113.47 ± 5.04 | 113.38 ± 4.41 | 0.73 | GCW* | 3.29 ± 0.78 | 3.43 ± 0.53 | 0.50 |
| FMH | 4.06 ± 0.46 | 4.03 ± 0.42 | 0.89 | MA2#,* | 113.63 ± 6.76 | 111.90 ± 6.18 | 0.46 | SA1* | 65.31 ± 8.83 | 68.52 ± 7.23 | 0.06 |
| FMW | 4.00 ± 0.24 | 4.13 ± 0.22 | 0.25 | MA3#,* | 123.37 ± 4.57 | 123.19 ± 5.47 | 0.62 | SA2* | 156.25 ± 10.69 | 150.00 ± 11.87 | 0.21 |
| FW | 14.43 ± 1.67 | 14.98 ± 1.89 | 0.33 | MA4#,* | 52.37 ± 9.19 | 56.38 ± 6.71 | 0.18 | ||||
| IH | 2.47 ± 0.31 | 2.53 ± 0.27 | 0.57 | MAW | 15.87 ± 1.50 | 16.17 ± 2.24 | 0.63 | ||||
| IW | 3.14 ± 0.39 | 3.24 ± 0.48 | 0.47 | MFH | 1.35 ± 0.26 | 1.31 ± 0.25 | 0.60 | ||||
| MPW | 11.58 ± 1.43 | 12.17 ± 1.69 | 0.25 | MFL | 8.06 ± 0.83 | 8.12 ± 1.09 | 0.86 | ||||
| NCL* | 9.58 ± 1.04 | 10.41 ± 2.99 | 0.36 | MH | 14.65 ± 1.40 | 14.97 ± 2.09 | 0.58 | ||||
| NCW | 6.77 ± 0.61 | 6.72 ± 0.71 | 0.80 | MIML* | 9.22 ± 1.04 | 8.97 ± 1.17 | 0.41 | ||||
| PA#,* | 111.45 ± 4.85 | 109.88 ± 3.66 | 0.78 | ML | 23.69 ± 2.54 | 23.57 ± 3.03 | 0.90 | ||||
| PAW | 7.17 ± 0.70 | 7.84 ± 1.23 | 0.06 | MNW | 5.26 ± 0.72 | 5.19 ± 0.87 | 0.78 | ||||
| PH | 7.23 ± 1.17 | 7.33 ± 1.18 | 0.78 | MSL | 10.54 ± 1.33 | 10.73 ± 2.06 | 0.74 | ||||
| PL* | 15.30 ± 1.5 | 15.53 ± 1.95 | 0.79 | MSW | 5.59 ± 1.00 | 5.49 ± 1.14 | 0.76 | ||||
| PW | 4.93 ± 1.02 | 4.94 ± 1.10 | 0.97 | MW | 15.92 ± 1.65 | 15.84 ± 1.82 | 0.89 | ||||
| ZAL | 16.07 ± 1.56 | 16.51 ± 2.06 | 0.47 | MWM1* | 1.96 ± 0.52 | 1.90 ± 0.35 | 0.76 | ||||
| ZL* | 8.36 ± 1.68 | 8.18 ± 0.85 | 0.67 | RW | 6.70 ± 0.68 | 6.71 ± 0.95 | 0.96 | ||||
| ZPW | 2.94 ± 0.28 | 2.98 ± 0.41 | 0.70 | ||||||||
| ZW | 2.11 ± 0.24 | 2.29 ± 0.42 | 0.11 | ||||||||
All parameters are in cm, except superscript #indicates units in degrees. *Non-normally distributed parameter using Mann-Whitney U test for testing a significant difference.