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. 2017 May 16;7:1950. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-02133-0

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(A) SEM of nanoporous flexible membrane with inset showing EDAX spectra of the polyamide membrane surface. (B) SEM of ZnO sputtered polyamide membrane with inset showing EDAX spectra of the membrane surface. Zn peaks are only seen on the sputtered polyamide surface. (C) Structural parameters of membrane and ZnO thin film D) AFM image of ZnO thin film on silicon wafer.