Table 3.
Developmental quotient (DQ) for subgroups of children with mitochondrial disease (total, n = 53).
| DQ | Syndromic diagnosis |
Drug-resistant epilepsy |
Diffuse brain atrophy |
Clinical rating |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leigh disease | Non-specific | p | No | Yes | p | No | Yes | p | Improving-static | Deteriorating | p | ||
| Pre-diagnostic evaluation | Pre-first | 68.3 ± 35.4 (n = 4) | 52.5 ± 33.4 (n = 14) | 0.425 | 61.5 ± 30.4 (n = 7) | 52.6 ± 36.3 (n = 11) | 0.536 | 78.6 ± 20.0 (n = 6) | 44.3 ± 35.3 (n = 11) | 0.047* | 66.9 ± 31.8 (n = 9) | 45.2 ± 33.2 (n = 9) | 0.177 |
| Difference Pre-first vs Pre-second | 23.6 ± 38.6 (n = 4) | 12.2 ± 20.4 (n = 14) | 0.433 | 27.2 ± 22.2 (n = 7) | 6.8 ± 23.6 (n = 11) | 0.151 | 17.0 ± 21.9 (n = 6) | 14.3 ± 27.9 (n = 11) | 0.841 | 7.1 ± 9.24 (n = 9) | 22.4 ± 32.7 (n = 9) | 0.207 | |
| Pre-second | 55.8 ± 25.9 (n = 11) | 49.1 ± 33.7 (n = 35) | 0.545 | 54.2 ± 31.0 (n = 23) | 48.6 ± 33.1 (n = 24) | 0.632 | 63.9 ± 33.2 (n = 16) | 44.8 ± 30.1 (n = 30) | 0.055 | 68.5 ± 27.1 (n = 19) | 39.7 ± 29.9 (n = 28) | 0.002** | |
| Difference Pre-second vs diagnosis | 20.7 ± 16.2 (n = 8) | 16.7 ± 24.3 (n = 24) | 0.676 | 22.3 ± 18.4 (n = 13) | 16.4 ± 25.3 (n = 20) | 0.250 | 20.1 ± 24.8 (n = 9) | 18.6 ± 22.8 (n = 23) | 0.878 | 18.4 ± 18.0 (n = 13) | 18.9 ± 25.7 (n = 20) | 0.951 | |
| Diagnostic evaluation | Diagnosis | 31.3 ± 26.3 (n = 8) | 32.5 ± 25.2 (n = 29) | 0.903 | 36.0 ± 23.6 (n = 17) | 30.4 ± 25.7 (n = 22) | 0.392 | 43.1 ± 19.3 (n = 14) | 26.7 ± 26.3 (n = 24) | 0.051 | 44.5 ± 22.8 (n = 15) | 25.6 ± 23.3 (n = 24) | 0.018* |
| Post-diagnostic evaluation | Difference Diagnosis vs post-first | 11.8 ± 7.5 (n = 5) | 5.4 ± 8.2 (n = 14) | 0.147 | 8.8 ± 9.1 (n = 8) | 4.1 ± 10.0 (n = 13) | 0.595 | 5.4 ± 15.9 (n = 5) | 5.7 ± 7.9 (n = 15) | 0.952 | 8.7 ± 9.9 (n = 10) | 3.3 ± 9.4 (n = 11) | 0.214 |
| Post-first | 30.2 ± 21.3 (n = 5) | 25.4 ± 25.3 (n = 14) | 0.709 | 27.4 ± 24.7 (n = 8) | 29.6 ± 25.8 (n = 13) | 0.697 | 44.0 ± 23.0 (n = 5) | 23.9 ± 24.9 (n = 15) | 0.130 | 38.0 ± 22.6 (n = 10) | 20.4 ± 24.6 (n = 11) | 0.106 | |
| Difference Post-first vs post-second | 5.5 ± 5.0 (n = 4) | 11.3 ± 18.6 (n = 10) | 0.559 | 2.8 ± 4.2 (n = 4) | 12.1 ± 17.3 (n = 11) | 0.343 | 6.0 ± 6.7 (n = 4) | 12.4 ± 17.9 (n = 10) | 0.507 | 16.8 ± 23.2 (n = 6) | 4.9 ± 3.6 (n = 9) | 0.267 | |
| Post-second | 17.0 ± 18.9 (n = 4) | 13.3 ± 13.7 (n = 10) | 0.687 | 13.6 ± 20.0 (n = 4) | 19.1 ± 19.2 (n = 11) | 0.343 | 33.8 ± 10.0 (n = 4) | 23.7 ± 13.4 (n = 10) | 0.033* | 25.33 ± 15.9 (n = 6) | 12.43 ± 19.8 (n = 9) | 0.106 | |
Data given as total number or mean ± SD. Non-parametric Mann–Whitney analysis with Bonferroni correction: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. Pre-first, first pre-diagnostic evaluation; pre-second, second pre-diagnostic evaluation; post-first, first post-diagnostic evaluation; post-second, second post-diagnostic evaluation.