Table 5.
Evolution of DQ from the first pre-diagnostic evaluation to the second post-diagnostic evaluation, in terms of various skills of children with mitochondrial diseases (total, n = 53).
| DQ | Subtrahend vs minuend | n | Subtrahend | Minuend | Difference | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Pre-first vs pre-second | 18 | 56.0 ± 33.5 | 41.3 ± 29.4 | 14.7 ± 24.6 | 0.021* |
| Pre-second vs diagnosis | 33 | 48.8 ± 31.3 | 30.1 ± 25.0 | 18.7 ± 22.7 | <0.001*** | |
| Diagnosis vs post-first | 21 | 34.6 ± 26.2 | 28.8 ± 24.8 | 5.9 ± 9.8 | 0.013 | |
| Post-first vs post-second | 15 | 27.3 ± 25.5 | 17.6 ± 18.9 | 9.7 ± 15.3 | 0.029 | |
| Gross motor | Pre-first vs pre-second | 18 | 53.1 ± 32.9 | 42.4 ± 31.4 | 10.7 ± 20.6 | 0.042* |
| Pre-second vs diagnosis | 33 | 42.4 ± 32.8 | 28.7 ± 23.4 | 13.7 ± 25.4 | 0.004** | |
| Diagnosis vs post-first | 21 | 30.1 ± 22.1 | 26.0 ± 24.3 | 4.1 ± 14.7 | 0.223 | |
| Post-first vs post-second | 15 | 25.7 ± 24.8 | 18.5 ± 18.2 | 7.1 ± 12.9 | 0.051 | |
| Fine motor | Pre-first vs pre-second | 18 | 50.9 ± 35.8 | 38.3 ± 27.6 | 12.6 ± 20.7 | 0.020* |
| Pre-second vs diagnosis | 33 | 45.1 ± 34.1 | 27.2 ± 28.3 | 17.9 ± 26.3 | <0.001*** | |
| Diagnosis vs post-first | 21 | 32.7 ± 33.1 | 27.4 ± 28.0 | 5.2 ± 18.6 | 0.209 | |
| Post-first vs post-second | 15 | 25.3 ± 27.8 | 15.7 ± 19.9 | 9.5 ± 18.1 | 0.062 | |
| Social–personal | Pre-first vs pre-second | 18 | 55.7 ± 39.1 | 40.2 ± 35.0 | 15.5 ± 31.6 | 0.053 |
| Pre-second vs diagnosis | 33 | 51.9 ± 35.9 | 31.6 ± 27.7 | 20.2 ± 31.6 | <0.001*** | |
| Diagnosis vs post-first | 21 | 34.9 ± 30.0 | 27.2 ± 24.3 | 7.7 ± 21.1 | 0.110 | |
| Post-first vs post-second | 15 | 25.4 ± 23.6 | 15.2 ± 14.5 | 10.1 ± 21.6 | 0.104 | |
| Language | Pre-first vs pre-second | 18 | 56.4 ± 37.8 | 45.4 ± 31.7 | 10.9 ± 22.7 | 0.057 |
| Pre-second vs diagnosis | 33 | 52.6 ± 33.9 | 31.0 ± 27.6 | 21.5 ± 27.8 | <0.001*** | |
| Diagnosis vs post-first | 21 | 37.8 ± 30.2 | 33.1 ± 29.4 | 4.6 ± 10.7 | 0.064 | |
| Post-first vs post-second | 15 | 32.8 ± 31.8 | 19.6 ± 23.4 | 13.2 ± 18.6 | 0.020 | |
| Cognitive-adaptive | Pre-first vs pre-second | 18 | 50.3 ± 39.3 | 38.6 ± 35.3 | 11.7 ± 31.3 | 0.131 |
| Pre-second vs diagnosis | 33 | 51.6 ± 37.1 | 30.8 ± 29.0 | 20.7 ± 27.9 | <0.001*** | |
| Diagnosis vs post-first | 21 | 35.8 ± 33.1 | 30.0 ± 29.2 | 5.8 ± 14.5 | 0.081 | |
| Post-first vs post-second | 15 | 30.7 ± 31.1 | 21.4 ± 24.6 | 9.2 ± 16.1 | 0.051 | |
Data given as total number or mean ± SD. Differences assessed via the paired t-test with Bonferroni correction: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Pre-first, first pre-Dx; pre-second, second pre-Dx; post-first, first post-diagnostic state; post-second, second post-diagnostic state; DQ, developmental quotient; Dx, diagnostic evaluation.